Cathme-Romero, Mayra B.

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    IdentificaciĆ³n del agente causal y mĆ©todos de control de la pudriciĆ³n del cormo en apio (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) en Puerto Rico
    (2017) Cathme-Romero, Mayra B.; Giraldo-Zapata, Martha C.; College of Agricultural Sciences; ChavarrĆ­a Carvajal, JosĆ© A.; Macchiavelli, RaĆŗl; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Ferrer LĆ³pez, JosĆ© R.
    Arracacia xanthorrhiza, known as Apio in Puerto Rico, has become a traditional and exclusive crop of the highlands. This tuber has a great nutritional and economic potential because of its high content of starch of easy digestibility among starchy crops. Its main limitation is the ā€œcorm rot diseaseā€. Information on management practices for the control of this disease is limited and the farmer does not have alternatives to handle the high losses in the field, besides there is no registered product for its control. For this reason, the present study aims to identify the microorganisms associated with the disease, identify effective control practices to reduce losses by disease and perform pathogenicity tests to identify the main microorganisms associated with rot. We evaluated soil samples to identify microorganisms associated with the crop. In the evaluation of possible methods for disease management, we evaluated eight treatments. The experimental strategy was a Completely Randomized Block design with four replicates. Treatments were performed in a farm with a high incidence of the disease, and pathogens were isolated from diseased corms for its morphological and molecular identification. We found plant-parasitic nematodes, being Rotylenchulus reniformis the most frequent. The best control treatments were: i) The use of compost with poultry litter & solarization; (ii) Cover plants (Crotalaria juncea and Tagetes patula) and (iii) Integrated management practices. These three treatments showed the greatest reduction of plant-parasitic nematodes population, increased free-living (beneficial) nematode populations, increased organic matter content, as well as beneficial fungal populations, reduced levels of disease and increased crop yield. Among the microorganisms identified and positive in the pathogenicity tests were: Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Rhizoctonia spp. and Rhizopus spp. And the bacteria Erwinia carotovora, Clavibacter michiganensis and Pseudomonas spp.