Fermín-Pérez, Ramón A.

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    Resistencia al moho de los granos en panel de diversidad de sorgo [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
    (2017) Fermín-Pérez, Ramón A.; Wessel-Beaver, Linda; College of Agricultural Sciences; Rivera Vargas, Lydia I.; Cuevas, Hugo E.; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences
    Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in wet humid regions is highly affected by grain mold disease, which involves more than 40 different fungi. The identification of resistant sources and the establishment of reliable evaluation methods are imperative for the development of new resistant varieties. The sorghum association panel (SAP), constituted by 360 accessions that represent 10 subpopulations of sorghum, was evaluated to identify new sources of resistant to grain mold. In parallel, the efficiency of four inoculations of conidial suspension with different pathogenic fungi was evaluated. The SAP was evaluated at Isabela and Mayaguez, Puerto Rico during 2014 (Experiment 1). The rating and germination of harvested sorghum grains was used to identify 43 accessions potentially resistant to grain mold. During this experiment, the subpopulation Sudanese/Broocorn/Guinea average the best seed rating, while the subpopulation Guinea/Caudatum/Bicolor had the highest germination. In contrast, the subpopulation Milo/Feterita was the lowest for seed rating and germination. Subsequently, these 43 accessions were evaluated at Isabela, P.R. during 2015 (Experiment 2). A total of 13 accessions (SC1494, Keller, SC15, SC13, RoxOrange, SC782, 6550Sumac, SC609, KansasOrange, RedAmber, SC598, Tx2784 and SC605) were classified as resistant based on the seed rating and germination of grain harvested from both experiments. The presence of five subpopulations among these 13 accessions suggests the presence of multiple resistant mechanisms. The integration of these accessions into sorghum breeding programs should aid in the development of new resistant varieties. The efficiency of inoculations with different pathogenic fungi was determined with the evaluation of 40 accessions from Experiment 2. Daily, four conidial suspensions of Curvularia lunata, Fusarium thapsinum, F. semitactum, and a mixture of these three fungi were used to inoculate two to five panicles up to seven days after anthesis. Seed rating and germination were similar among treatments indicating that the resistant/susceptible response was not affected by type of inoculation. Indeed, Isabela, P.R. provides the environmental conditions needed for the successful germplasm evaluation for resistant to grain mold.