Montaño Herazo, Angela K.

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    Mechanochemical synthesis of Lewis acidic-beta zeolite catalysts to convert fructose into alpha-hydroxy-acids using gamma-valerolactone and water as solvent
    (2022-07-08) Montaño Herazo, Angela K.; Cardona Martinez, Nelson; College of Engineering; Pagán Torres, Yomaira; Hernández Maldonado, Arturo J.; Department of Chemical Engineering; Torres, Wildeliz
    The zeolite synthesis method has a fundamental role on the catalytic performance because it can influence the distribution of active sites in the zeolite structure and sometimes favor the formation of extra framework metal oxide species that decrease the catalyst activity and its selectivity shifts to the formation of unwanted products. We studied the feasibility of the solid-state post-synthesis method by high-impact grinding, the effect of the precursor, and the effect of washing the material on the on the product distribution. In addition, we studied the effect of the cation (Sn4+ and Zr4+) on the performance of the catalysts. Finally, we studied the effect of the post synthesis method (grafting versus mechanochemical) on the catalytic performance of Lewis acid Sn-Beta zeolite catalysts. We did a kinetic study coupled to characterization in an attempt to establish the relationship between structure and catalytic performance of the samples. The results showed that high impact grinding is a viable method for the synthesis of Sn- and Zr-Beta catalysts with Lewis acidity. The use of organometallic precursors over halide precursors and washing with isopropanol when using chloride precursors improves the product distribution. Both synthesis methods give samples without destroying the zeolite structure and show catalytic activity to produce alpha hydroxy acids using GVL and water as solvent. However, grafting gives more active zeolites than our solid-state synthesis method. This can be attributed to the strong effect of high-impact milling on the chemical and physical properties of the samples