Torres González, Yohari E.

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    Análisis fenotípico y genético de la resistencia a la pudrición de raíz en el frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) causada por Fusarium solani
    (2023-11-16) Torres González, Yohari E.; Estévez de Jensen, Consuelo; College of Agricultural Sciences; Porch, Timothy G.; Beaver, James S.; Maldonado Ramírez, Sandra L.; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Curbelo Rodríguez, Jaime E.
    Fusarium root rot in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the U.S. and the Caribbean is caused by several species of Fusarium. Infection within the Fusarium solani species complex reduces yields of susceptible cultivars. Planting resistant varieties is the preferred long-term management option. A survey to determine the incidence of Fusarium spp. was conducted in a root rot nursery in Isabela, Puerto Rico, where common bean has been grown for more than 50 years. Five species of Fusarium were recovered from common bean root fragments. In a screenhouse at the Fortuna Experiment Station, Juana Díaz, PR, 26 common bean genotypes inoculated with F. solani isolate 19-00514 were evaluated. Using the CIAT [1 (resistant) to 9 (susceptible)] scale, ‘Bella’ (1.5) and ‘Beníquez’ (1.5) were significantly more resistant (P > 0.05) when compared to ‘Montcalm’ (4.0). Furthermore, 31 common bean genotypes inoculated with F. solani isolate 19-00514 were evaluated in a screenhouse at the Fortuna Experiment Station. Using the CIAT scale, 19 common bean genotypes demonstrated resistance to F. solani isolate 19-00514. In a subsequent trial in the root rot nursery in Isabela, PR, the mean root rot severity of 149 common bean genotypes was 2 (P > 0.1). Three isolates recovered from common bean root fragments were identified as F. solani. 72 common bean genotypes, previously evaluated under root rot conditions, were evaluated under drought stress conditions. Under drought stress, common bean genotype yield was significantly lower than genotypes under non-stress conditions. In a third evaluation in a screenhouse at the Fortuna Experiment Station, five common bean varieties were inoculated with Fusarium spp. recovered from a monoculture field in Isabela, PR. Using the CIAT scale, ‘Beníquez’ demonstrated resistance to the isolates, while ‘Montcalm’ proved to be a susceptible genotype. The identification of resistant genotypes to F. solani will contribute to the development of improved common bean cultivars with resistance to Fusarium root rot.