Feliciano-Semidei, Ricela

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    Aplicación de componentes principales en el desarrollo de indices: social, educativo y económico para la clasificación de los municipios de Puerto Rico
    (2013-05) Feliciano-Semidei, Ricela; Lorenzo-González, Edgardo; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Santana Morant, Dámaris; Rivera Marrero, Olgamary; Department of Mathematics; Orengo, Moisés Avilés,
    Several findings in this research could be relevant to decision making by government agencies of Puerto Rico. This decision making depends on knowledge of the social, educational and economic aspects of the municipalities. To quantify these aspect of the municipalities of Puerto Rico, indexes were created, and were calculated with the data from 2010. For the construction of these indexes, the multivariate technique of principal components was applied, then municipalities were grouped using partitioning around medoids (PAM) classification technique in each of the aspects. In addition, a quality of life index by municipalities was calculated by averaging the social, educational and economic indexes. In previous studies, Pedroso [26] calculated the Human Development Index developed by the United Nations for Puerto Rico with 2002 data, which measures social, educational and economic aspects in the country. For their part, Correa and Quintana [8], created a socioeconomic profile of each municipality in Puerto Rico. In the present study, indexes that measure the social, educational and economic for each municipality were created. The social aspect was measured using the following variables: Ageing Index, the number of part I crimes, number of murders, quantity of health facilities, percent of population under age 18 who live with a couple in charge, with their grandparents or with a female head of the household. To measure the educational aspect of the municipalities the following variables were used: percent of high school graduates, number of students per school, number of years the school has been in plan of improvement, number of students per teacher, number of schools and results of Puerto Rican Academic Achievement Tests. To measure the economic aspect the following variables were used: per capita income, unemployment rate, percent of population below poverty level, Gini Index, percent of houses occupied by renters, number of establishments dedicated to construction, municipal income, surplus or deficit and public debt of local municipality. It was found that municipalities with higher social indexes are in the West area, the one with higher economic indexes are in the metropolitan area and the higher educational index in the Northeast area. By calculating the index of quality of life, the municipalities were categorized in high, medium or low. Most municipalities were categorized with a medium index. The municipalities with the highest quality of life index are concentrated in the metropolitan area.