Díaz-Ríos, Héctor L.

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    Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de residuos de una planta procesadora de tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) sobre el consumo voluntario y la digestibilidad de nutrientes de heno de gramíneas y leguminosas tropicales
    (2004) Díaz-Ríos, Héctor L.; Rodríguez Carías, Abner A.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Randel Folling, Paul F.; Ruíz, Teodoro; Latorre Acevedo, José R.; Department of Animal Science; Valencia Chin, Elide
    One of the biggest problems facing the fishery industry is disposal of the organic wastes that result from fish processing (discarded fish and filleting residues). Alternatives for disposal of this material should be evaluated. Silage preparation represents a possibility to enable use of those organic residues as a supplement in diets for domestic animals. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of supplementation with tilapia fish silage (FS) prepared in laboratory scale silos with addition of cane molasses, on intake and digestibility of tropical grass hay (Digitaria eriantha, 80%, and Panicum maximum, 20%), and rhizome perennial peanut hay (RPPH) (Arachis glabrata). In Experiment 1, grass hay was the basal diet and treatments were (Control; T1 grass hay) and grass hay supplemented daily with FS at 0.45%(T2) and 0.90%(T3) of the animal body weight (BW). In Experiment 2, the basal diet was RPPH and treatments were (Control; T1 RPPH); and RPPH supplemented daily with FS at 0.225% BW (T2) and 0.45% BW (T3). In both experiments 9 male wethers were used. The animals were fed for eight days of adaptation and six days of data collection in each period. Offered and discarded feed was registered for each animal to determine the voluntary intake. A 10% aliquot of feces was taken for analysis and digestibility determination. Both experiments were analyzed using a 3x3 latin square design. In experiment 3, the aerobic stability of FS was evaluated. Three opened silos provided with thermometers were exposed to aerobic conditions for seven days. Harmful microorganism populations (fungus and yeast), pH, and lactic acid concentration were determined after 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 days of aerobic exposure as indicators of aerobic deterioration. Temperature was monitored during 7 days at 24-hour intervals. Results of this experiment were analyzed using a completely randomized design and a Bonferroni test for separation of means of days of exposition (SAS, 1990) In experiment 1 grass hay dry matter (DM) intake and digestibility increased (P<.05) with FS supplementation (T1= 470.0 g/d, 52.55%; T2= 570.0 g/d, 60.22%; T3= 640.0 g/d, 64.90%, respectively). FS supplementation also increased (P<.05) crude protein (CP) intake (g/d) (T1= 22.0; T2= 52.0; T3= 73.0). CP digestibility increased (P<.05) at either level of supplementation compared to the Control (58.03%), but T2 (64.89%) and T3 (68.86%) did not differ significantly. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (g/d) was higher in T1 (320.0) than T3 (280.0) but similar between T1 and T2 (310.0). Fiber digestibility was not affected (P>.05) by the treatments (T1=51.23%; T2= 52.51%; T3= 52.12%). From this trial it was concluded that supplementation with FS at 0.90% of BW is the best alternative. In Experiment 2, DM digestibility of T3 (65.20%) differed (P<.05) from T1 (59.71%) but T2 (64.86%) did not differ from either T1 or T3. Intakes (g/d) of DM (T1= 990.0; T2= 1010.0; T3= 1030.0), CP (T1= 141.0; T2= 148.0; T3= 153.0) and fiber (T1= 440.0; T2= 420.0; T3= 410.0) were similar in all treatments (P>.05). CP digestibility was similar at both levels of supplementation (T2=72.96%, T3= 72.82%) and superior (P<.05) to that of the Control (68.19%). Fiber digestibility was not increased (P>.05) by FS supplementation (T1= 46.57%; T2= 51.73%; T3= 49.72%). It is concluded that daily supplementation with FS for sheep fed a basal diet of RPPH should be limited to 0.225% of BW. Upon comparing both experiments, voluntary intake of DM, NDF and CP from RPPH was higher than from grass hay. Also, the legume showed a higher (P<.05) digestibility of DM and CP than grass hay. In experiment 3, it was observed that the microbial populations associated with aerobic deterioration (yeast and fungus) were nearly constant during the seven days of exposition. Acidity slowly decreased between days 0 and 7 of aerobic exposition. However, at seven days the pH was still low enough to avoid FS deterioration. Fish silage temperature increased during the first three days of exposure and then stabilized, but this increment was similar to the pattern seen in ambient temperature. During the seven days of exposure the concentration of lactic acid showed little change (P>.05). These combined results show that FS is stable for at least one week under aerobic conditions.