García Rivera, Joanuel

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    Diseño de una antena de radiómetro compacta de doble-banda y doble polarización para un vehículo aéreo no-tripulado
    (2023-11-30) García Rivera, Joanuel; Rodríguez-Solís, Rafael A.; College of Engineering; Medina-Sánchez, Rafael H.; León Colón, Leyda V.; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Ortiz-Bermúdez, Patricia
    Water is essential for life on Earth, and its distribution, salinity, and characteristics have a profound impact on the functioning of our planet, from climate to marine biodiversity. The study of salinity in the oceans is a fundamental part of understanding these processes and their relationship with climate change and marine life. This is why a dual-band, dual-polarization antenna was designed for measuring ocean surface salinity (SSS). These measurements will be taken from the air using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Each of these bands serves a specific purpose. While the lower-frequency band (L-band) is used for salinity measurements, the higher frequency band (Ka-band) is used for correcting the effects of ocean surface roughness. The design of the L-band antenna consists of a 2x2 patch array with an operating frequency of 1.41 GHz, a bandwidth of 120 MHz, a maximum gain of 12.9 dB, and a front-to-back lobe ratio of 23.1 dB, with a half-power beamwidth (HPBW) of 40 degrees. As for the Ka-band antenna, it is integrated into the patches of the 2x2 array. It is based on a longitudinal slot array implemented in a substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) with an operating frequency of 31.5 GHz, a bandwidth of 140 MHz, a maximum gain of 11.57 dB, and a front-to-back lobe ratio of 21.7 dB, with an HPBW of 10 degrees. Both antennas are fed by coaxial cables with a 50-ohm input impedance. A filter was designed to reduce noise at frequencies outside the bandwidth, allowing the passage of signals from 31.35 GHz to 31.75 GHz, with an attenuation of 2.3 dB at the operating frequency (31.5 GHz). This filter is based on cavity resonance and is also implemented using SIW technology. This filter will be used by a radiometer whose goal is to convert the energy radiated by the ocean into a voltage signal. This signal, together with a thermal camera and a microprocessor, will record a salinity measurement.