Orélien, Eléonore

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    Evaluación agronómica y morfológica de variedades de arroz (𝘖𝘳𝘺𝘻𝘢 𝘴𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘢 𝘓.) en secano bajo condiciones climáticas de Puerto Rico
    (2013) Orélien, Eléonore; Beaver, James S.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Avilés Rodríguez, Lucas N.; Estevez De Jensen, Consuelo; Department of Agro-Environmental Sciences; Santos Flores, Carlos J.
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world, and specifically in Puerto Rico. However, water availability is a limiting factor for rice production that can be overcome through the development of drought resistant genotypes. In order to determine their adaptability to the climatic conditions of Puerto Rico, 30 upland rice varieties were grown at the Lajas Substation of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico. The experiment was conducted under two planting systems, rainfed and flood irrigation, using a randomized complete block with a split plot arrangement and four replications. The planting systems constituted the main plots and the 30 rice varieties the subplots. The variables evaluated were flowering date, days to maturity, growth habit, plant height, grain yield and its components, biomass, incidence of Helminthosporium oryzae, resistance to shattering, lodging, drought index and harvest index. The results showed variability among genotypes under both planting systems. Cultivars ‘Chenire’ (4948 and 1875 kg/ha, flood irrigation and dryland, respectively) and ‘Pirogue’ (4074 and 1863 kg/ha) had higher grain yield under both conditions and were identified as the most drought resistant cultivars (STI>1.4), with high mean relative performance (MRP>3.6), higher harvest index and higher geometric mean productivity (GMP>2700). The cultivar ‘PR-358’ (13,830 and 6,510 kg/ha) produced the greatest amount of biomass among all cultivars. Under irrigated conditions, 1000 seed weight was 21.5 to 32.2 g, panicle length varied from 13.3 to 30.0 cm. The average height of the plants ranged from 0.80 to 1.77 m, the mean values of days to flowering and days to maturity were respectively 57-106 and 74-123 days, and the density of the panicle varied from compact to open. Under rainfed conditions, 1000 seeds weight ranged from 18.6 to 34.4 g, panicle length varied from 13.3 to 28.1 cm, the average height of the plants ranged from 0.55 to 1.14 m. The mean values of days to flowering and days to maturity were, respectively, 61-109 and 81-129 days, and the density of the panicle varied from compact to intermediate. Under rainfed conditions, the variables days to flowering, growth habit and maturity were not correlated with any of the other variables. Furthermore, the results of this research suggest that cultivars ‘Chenire’, ‘Pirogue’, ‘IR-64’ can be planted under both systems and can be used for the development of rice with greater drought tolerance.