Conce-Conce, Marianela

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    Prácticas agrícolas para el manejo de nematodos fitoparásitos en plátano (Musa spp.,AAB): efecto sobre la actividad microbiologica del suelo
    (2016) Conce-Conce, Marianela; Rivera-Vargas, Lydia I.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Morales Payán, José Pablo; Macchiavelli, Raùl; Chavarría Carvajal, José A.; Róman Paoli, Elvin; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Velázquez Ríos, Carlos
    The plantain (Musa spp., AAB) is the most economically important starchy-food crop in Puerto Rico. During the fiscal year 2013-2014, the value of production at the farm level reached $ 72.60 million, equivalent to 7.81% of the gross farm income of the island. Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the most limiting factors for local crop production. The nematode species of major economic importance in plantain in Puerto Rico are: Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. The effect of soil application of organic matter and a short rotation with velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana (Borr) Merr.), on populations of plant parasitic nematodes and microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of plantain was studied. For this purpose, a field experiment was established at the Agricultural Experimental SubStation of Corozal, College of Agricultural Sciences, Mayagüez Campus, University of Puerto Rico. The experimental design was a randomized incomplete blocks (RIBD), with eight treatments, four blocks and two replicates. The treatments were: 1. Mucuna; 2. Poultry Litter; 3. Mucuna + Poultry Litter; 4. Mucuna + Poultry Litter + Vydate-L; 5. Mucuna + Poultry Litter + Mocap 15G; 6. Vydate-L; 7. Mocap 15G and 8. Absolute Control. Results showed that velvetbean had an antagonistic effect on populations of plant parasitic nematodes and significantly increased fungal populations, total bacteria, Bacillus spp. and actinomycetes, four months after planting plantain. The use of poultry litter alone or in combination with other treatments, reduced root populations of plant parasitic nematodes and increased free-living nematodes and fungal populations associated with the rhizosphere. Therefore land application of poultry litter and a short rotation with velvetbean, were effective reducing populations of plant parasitic nematodes and increasing populations of fungi associated to rhizosphere of plantain. Predominant fungal species were Paecilomyces spp., Eurotium spp., Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. These groups of fungi are frequently found in fertile soils and have a great potential as biological control. Gram positive bacteria showed greater abundance in treatments with velvetbean and poultry litter.