Rosado Huertas, Jomar J

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    Ganancia en peso, características de la canal y calidad de la carne de ovinos criollos alimentados en confinamiento con raciones totales
    (2019-09-27) Rosado Huertas, Jomar J; Rodríguez-Carías, Abner A.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Fernández-Van Cleve, John; Rivera-Serrano, Aixa; Department of Animal Science; Zapata-Medina, Rocio
    A three-stage study was conducted with the aim of evaluating voluntary consumption (CV) and weight gain of lambs fed total rations. It also compared the characteristics of the carcass and the quality of lamb fed with total rations and grazing. The first part consisted of a feeding test lasting 43 days using growing native lambs (n=10) of approximately 20kg of average starting weight, randomly assigned to two different total rations (RT). The two total rations evaluated containing 50% hay from tropical pastures and 50% commercial concentrate (HGT + CC) (n=5) or 50% of a mixture of corn grain and soybean meal (HGT + MGHS) (n=5). Both diets were offered to 4% of the live weight (PV) of the lamb on a dry basis and were offered for a content of 13% crude protein (PB) and 53% of total digestible nutrients (NDT). The effect of diets on CV and weight gain in lambs was evaluated. The second stage of the investigation assessed the effect of the two RT and grazing-fed lambs on the characteristics of the canal and performance of wholesale and retail cuts. The 5 wholesale cuts evaluated included the nape, front leg with shoulder, ribs 5-12, loin and leg. The retail cuts were the shoulder chops, French chops, loin chops, leg, shanks and fricase. The third stage determined the effect of the 3 diets on the quality of meat using its nutrient content, color and tenderness as a criterion. The data of the first stage were analyzed according to a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 5 repetitions. The same design was used in the second and third parts of the research but using 3 treatments with 5 repetitions. Tukey's test was used to separate the significant means from the second and third stages. The lambs in both total rations consumed 3.1% PV/BS of the feed offered. However, animals in the HGT + MGHS diet gained greater total and daily weight gain (P<0.05) than the HGT + CC diet (9.1 kg and 213.58g vs 6.0 kg and 139.58g respectively). The performance of the hot carcass (%RCC), cold carcass (%RCF), wholesale and retail cuts were similar in lambs which were fed the 2 RT. The %RCF was lower (P<0.05) in grazing-fed lambs than with RT. The weight and % yield of the loin relative to the cold carcass was also higher (P<0.05) in lambs under the RT feed regimen than, in grazing, but not the front leg yield % and ribs 1-4 lower. The weight between the retail cuts and the performance of the shoulder chop was greater in lambs fed in grazing than in RT, but the fricase was lower. As expected, grazing sheep meat had a higher (P<0.05) % moisture and lower content of crude protein (PB), fat and minerals. The meat of lambs fed with RT was clearer according to the value of L* of luminosity and with greater tenderness than those in grazing. In short, it is possible to obtain PV gains between 139 and 213 g/d in RT-fed native lambs. The feed system (RT vs grazing) affects the weight and % performance of wholesale cuts (front leg and rib 1-4) and retail cuts (shoulder chop, loin chop and shanks) and meat quality. Some non-significant trends or responses were observed in other retail cuts between treatments.