Carrero González, Ivenise

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    Tracing maternal Amerindian ancestry in the Aruban population through mtDNA sequencing
    (2011) Carrero González, Ivenise; Martínez Cruzado, Juan C.; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Bird Picó, Fernando; Cafaro, Matías; Department of Biology; Quiñones, Carlos
    As part of a study about pre-Colombian female migrations in the Caribbean, the mitochondrial DNA of the modern Aruban population was studied. The main objective was to identify the haplotypes in the Amerindian haplogroups A2, B2, C1 and D1 and compare them with those patterns already identified in the Caribbean and South America. The HVR-I was sequenced in 144 samples of umbilical cord blood from babies born in 2006, of which 76 (54.3%) resulted of Amerindian origin. The HVR-II was sequenced in those Amerindian samples. The results obtained from HVR-I and II demonstrated that 32 (42.1%) of the 76 samples belong to the haplogroup D1, 18 (23.7%) belong to haplogroup B2, 17 (22.4%) to haplogroup A2, and 9 (11.8%) to haplogroup C1. It was shown that Aruba has the New World founder Amerindian haplotypes for the four haplogroups. These haplogroups have a nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.0042 (A2), 0.0032 (B2), 0.0018 (C1) and 0.0049 (D1). Median Network analyses show that haplogroup A2 has one derived haplotype that is present in the Dominican Republic and another one in Cuba; this suggests a migration process from the north of South America to the Greater Antilles. Haplogroup B2 has the New World founder lineage with derived haplotypes. Haplogroup C1 has the lowest diversity and frequency, and the New World founder lineage predominate in this haplogroup. Haplogroup D1 has four lineages, two of them in high frequency and very low diversity. This fact, together with the high frequency of haplogroup D1 in Aruba, suggests massive recent migrations to the island from a population with a high frequency of haplogroup D1.