González-Cardona, Olga P.

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    Dinámica poblacional de la broca del café Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) y sus enemigos naturales en el cultivo de café Coffea arabica L. en Puerto Rico
    (2013) González-Cardona, Olga P.; Gallardo-Cova, Fernando; College of Agricultural Sciences; González Rodríguez, Ángel Luis; Macchiavelli, Raúl; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Orellana, Lynette
    To understand the population dynamics of the coffee berry borer (CBB), Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari, under Puerto Rico coffee field conditions, monthly samples of coffee berries were collected in Adjuntas and Maricao during 2011 and 2012. The population characterization of the CBB was evaluated studying the following parameters: percentage of infestation of CBB, position of CBB according to fruit development, proportion of developmental stages and life cycle duration of CBB. The natural incidence of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Bb) over CBB was quantified and the fauna associated with CBB infested berries was identified to determinate the presence of potential natural enemies. From the results obtained during this study it is conclude that the source of infestation of CBB are fruits left on the coffee trees at the end of the harvest rather than fruits left on the ground. The fruits in the ground deteriorate rapidly. The percentages of infestation on the EEA Adjuntas farm, were significantly higher than in the other farms evaluated, fluctuating between 14 to 99%. The first attack by CBB occurred 40 days after flowering (daf) and the oviposition started at 105 daf. During that time, the CBB female remains in position B, susceptible to control methods. During fruit development, there may be up to three generations (life cycle: 30 days) of CBB. The fungus Bb was found infesting naturally the CBB in all locations sampled. However, the year 2012 had a high incidence of the fungus (12.5%), which was significant compared with the previous year (3.8%). No significant correlation was found between the incidence of Bb and the environmental variables recorded, average temperature (r = 0.3, P = 0.29) and precipitation (r = -0.07, P = 0.81). The correlation between incidence of the fungus and percentage infestation of CBB was not significant (r = -0.44, P = 0.12). The presence of CBB parasitoid, Cephalonomia stephanoderis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) and the predators Wasmania sp. and Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are outstanding.