Velázquez-Augusto, Wesley

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    Efecto de nitrógeno y coberturas sobre el rendimiento y calidad del pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en el valle de Lajas de Puerto Rico
    (2017) Velázquez-Augusto, Wesley; Valencia-Chin, Elide; College of Agricultural Sciences; Fewerda, Feiko; Linares, Angela M.; Márquez, Pedro; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Zapata, Rocío
    Two studies were conducted at the Agriculture Experimental Station (AES), Lajas, Puerto Rico to determine pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yield grown in a legume living mulch (LLM; Mucuna pruriens) and plastic cover (PC) at different N levels. The first study evaluated four N (0, 84, 168, 337 kg ha-1 of Ammonium Sulfate (NH4)2SO4) levels effects on fruit quantity, total and marketable yield. The experimental design was a complete block design with four replications. Seedlings (6 weeks old) of ‘Aruba F1’, were transplanted in concrete boxes (46 cm between plants and 61 cm between rows) covered with a plastic (for weed control). After one week, N was applied at 25%, 50%, 25% of the assigned level every 14 days, respectively. After six weeks, all peppers produced by the plant in the under N level plot were harvested (2.24 m2). The amount of produced fruit was quantified and weighed to determine total and marketable yield. The data was submitted to a regression analysis using the Infostat statistical package (2014). A linear effect on marketable yield (MY) was observed (MY increased as N increased). The amount of marketable fruit (MF), increased at a higher level of N (337 kg N ha-1), 22% higher than the MF amount produced at the 168 kg N ha-1. Likewise, the MY at 337 kg N ha-1 increased 31% compared to MY at 168 kg N ha- 1. The second study consisted of two plantings: the first (January 2016) was Santa Isabel soil series and the second (May 2016) on a San Antón soil series. Treatments were a LLM and a plastic cover, and two N levels (168 y 337 kg N ha-1) to measure effects ‘Aruba F1’ and ‘Key Imperial’ pepper yield. The experimental design was a complete block (three), in a splitsplit- plot arrangement (main plot were the LLM and plastic cover, sub-plot were ‘Aruba F1’ and ‘Key Imperial’ and the sub-sub plot the two N levels). Seedlings transplant and N application was the same as described in the first experiment (except that Urea was used as the N source). At physiological maturity, peppers were harvested in a 2.24 m2, fruits counted, and total weight and marketable pepper (using the “U S Fancy” scale) were determined. Plantings were analyzed separately because of the different soil series. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance (P<0.05) and means when different were separated using Fisher LSD (Infostat 2014). There was no interaction between cover x variety x N level. There was, however, an interaction (P<0.05) between cover x variety for total fruits, total weight and MW. Higher yields were obtained with plastic cover (5,470 kg ha-1) compared to the LLM (750 kg ha-1). In the second planting, there was no interaction (P>0.05) between cover x variety x N level, or between cover x variety. There were differences between variety and N levels for total fruits, total weight and MW. ‘Aruba F1’ pepper MW was higher than ‘Key Imperial’ (>500kg ha-1). Total weight and MW were higher for 168 kg ha-1 N. In general, pepper response to N and interactions were influenced by the environmental factors.