Martínez-Figueroa, Héctor D.

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    Desarrollo de líneas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) que combinen resistencia a Mustia hilachosa [Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank (Donk)], Bacteriosis común (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli) y los virus BGYMV, BCMV y BCMNV
    (2017) Martínez-Figueroa, Héctor D.; Beaver, James S.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Estévez de Jensen, Consuelo; Porch, Timothy G.; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Carrero, Katherine
    The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most extensively consumed grain legumes worldwide. Seed yields of this crop are affected by different biotic and abiotic factors. Web blight caused by Thanatephorus cucumeris Frank (Donk), common bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) (CBB), Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Bean common mosaic necrosis virus (BCMNV) and Bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV) can cause yield losses of up to 100% in bean plantings. A total of 644 lines from different research programs were evaluated to select for high levels of resistance to these diseases using conventional plant breeding techniques and marker-assisted selection. Field trials were conducted over two years to evaluate the reaction of the bean lines and cultivars to web blight. The trials were planted using randomized complete block designs. High levels of resistance were identified in 37 lines that had mean scores ranging from 2.4 to 4.5 on the CIAT disease rating scale during both growing seasons. High seed yields were obtained from some lines including TARS-MST1, PR1147-1 and Amadeus 77, with average yields > 1,800 kg/ha. It is important to note that some lines with high seed yield potential, such as Amadeus 77, had a low percentage of damaged seed despite having presented a high degree of damage in the foliage. These results suggest that the inheritance of resistance to leaf damage and inheritance to seed damage caused by web blight may be independent. It is advisable to conduct evaluations for both characteristics to identify lines with resistance to web blight. Evaluations under greenhouse conditions were conducted for reaction to common bacterial blight, using a completely randomized design, with two strains of Xap, 484A and UPR 3353. Lines with high levels of CBB resistance were identified. The small white line 1601-21-3 from TARS did not present symptoms after inoculation. Inoculations with the BCMNV strain NL3 were conducted in a greenhouse to observe the phenotypic response of the bean lines to this strain of the virus. The molecular markers SW13, ENM, SR2 and SW12, were employed to detect genes conferring resistance to BCMV, BCMNV and BGYMV. A total of 12 lines presented high levels of resistance to the five diseases under evaluation. These lines also had mean seed yields > 1,400 kg/ha during the second growing season and produced high quality seed. The results of this research suggest that high levels of multiple disease resistance do not reduce seed yield potential nor the quality of the harvested seed. A few of the most promising white, black and small red lines of bean from this study may be considered for release as commercial varieties or improved breeding lines. Other lines will be used as progenitors in future plant breeding activities.