Ardila Sierra, Gerson L.

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    Caracterización de los nutrientes y sedimentos en la escorrentía de suelos enmendados con residuos orgánicos de vaquería
    (2009) Ardila Sierra, Gerson L.; Sotomayor Ramírez, David; College of Agricultural Sciences; Martínez Rodríguez, Gustavo A.; Pérez Alegría, Luís R.; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Kolterman, Duane A.
    Runoff with elevated phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) concentrations from agricultural soils contributes to surface water quality reduction. The effects of soil test P, dairy manure sludge application levels, and time after manure application with consecutive precipitation events on NO -N, total N (TN), dissolved P (DP), total P (TP) and suspended sediment (SS) concentrations in runoff were evaluated. An undisturbed soil of the Humatas clay series (Typic Haplohumults) under forage production (Brachiaria decumbens) was used. Soils with soil test P (Bray 1) in the “high” (30 to 90 mg P kg-1) and “very high” (91 to 200 mg P kg-1) categories were amended with a low (15.5 kg N ha-1 and 5.6 kg P ha-1) and a high (31 kg N ha-1 and 11.2 kg P ha-1) application of dairy manure sludge. The soils were subjected to consecutive rainfall simulations with 70 mm h-1 intensity to produce 30 minutes of runoff. Soil moisture increased the hydrologic response time, decreased runoff nutrient concentrations, and increased runoff volumes. The NO -N and TN runoff concentrations were not affected by the soil test P level. The DP and TP runoff concentrations were higher in soils with the very high soil test P level and increased with the high manure application. Nutrients losses are higher on the first day after manure application and are highest in soils with a very high STP level. The concentrations of NO -N, TN, DP and TP on simulation days 4, 8, 15 and 45 after manure application were reduced on average 51.7, 40.0, 35.7 and 35.3%, respectively, in relation to the first day of precipitation. The soils with high soil test P levels and where manure was not applied or was applied at low levels, had similar DP and TP concentrations over time. In soils without precipitation for 30 days after manure applications the P concentrations in runoff were reduced due to the “fixation” of soil P. Manure management in agricultural soils should be guided initially by soil test P levels, manure doses of application and expected precipitation events.