Girón Duque, Jennifer C.

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    Revision and phylogeny of the Caribbean genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)
    (2010) Girón Duque, Jennifer C.; Franz, Nico M.; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Cafaro, Matías; Acosta, Jaime; Department of Biology; Aponte, Nilda E.
    The Caribbean weevil genus Apodrosus Marshall, 1922 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Polydrusini Schoenherr) is revised, including a redescription of A. argentatus Wolcott, 1924 (Dominican Republic, Vieques Island, St. Croix – new records, Bahamas – error, misidentification, and Puerto Rico) and A. wolcotti Marshall, 1922 (Puerto Rico) and description of 11 new species: A. adustus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. andersoni, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. artus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. earinusparsus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. empherefasciatus, sp.n. (Bahamas), A. epipolevatus, sp.n. (Puerto Rico), A. eximius, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. mammuthus, sp.n. (Mona Island, Turks and Caicos Islands), A. quisqueyanus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), A. stenoculus, sp.n. (Dominican Republic), and A. viridium, sp.n. (Dominican Republic). A key to the species and illustrations of external and internal structures are provided. Apodrosus is characterized as a monophyletic group by two unreversed synapomorphies – i.e. the presence of a median fovea on the apex of abdominal sternum VII and a J- or Y-shaped spermatheca – and is furthermore differentiated from related taxa by a unique combination of diagnostic features including the presence of premucro, a complete tegminal plate in males, the absence of longitudinal sclerites in the genital chamber of females, and an apical projection on the spermathecal cornu. A phylogenetic reconstruction of 20 taxa (7 outgroup, 13 ingroup) and 25 morphological characters yielded a single most parsimonious cladogram (L = 61 steps, CI = 42, RI = 74) with the ingroup topology (A. artus, (A. andersoni, (A. earinusparsus, (A. epipolevatus, A. wolcotti)))), (A. eximius, ((A. argentatus, A. mammuthus), (A. viridium, (A. stenoculus, (A. quisqueyanus, (A. adustus, A. empherefasciatus)))))). The phylogeny indicates that Anypotactus bicaudatus Champion (Anypotactini Champion) is the most closely related sister group to Apodrosus, thereby calling into question the traditional tribal placement of this genus in the Polydrusini. The host plant associations of most species remain uncertain.