Dorcinvil, Ronald

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    Respuesta agronómica de líneas de habichuelas (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) a la fertilidad de un Oxisol
    (2009) Dorcinvil, Ronald; Sotomayor-Ramírez, David; College of Agricultural Sciences; Beaver, James S; Flores Ortega, Carlos A.; Muñoz, Miguel; Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering; Avilés Rodríguez, Lucas N.
    With the objective to identify genotypes of dry bean efficient in the acquisition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) and to evaluate the role of the root architecture in the adaptation of these genotypes under low availability of N and P, 4 experiments were planted in a Oxisol (very-fine, kaolinitic, isohyperthermic Typic Eutrustox) in Isabela, Puerto Rico. In the first experiment, 228 genotypes originating of the Improvement Program of the „Escuela Agricola Panamericana de Honduras‟ and the University of Puerto Rico were evaluated. In the second experiment, 34 genotypes selected in the first one and 2 controls (Morales y Salagnac 90) were evaluated under 3 treatments of fertilization: (i) 50 kg N ha-1 , 57 kg P2O5 ha-1 , 54 kg K2O ha-1 , (ii) the same dose of P2O5 y K2O without N, (iii) the same dose of N y K2O without P. In the third experiment, the root architecture of the 3 better genotypes in the second experiment and the 2 controls was evaluated under the 3 treatments of fertilization previously described. In the fourth experiment, 6 black sister lines of dry bean (3 with shallow root system, 3 with deep root system) and 9 combinations of the same were evaluated under 2 treatments of fertilization (without fertilizer and application of 50 kg ha-1 N, P2O5, K2O, respectively). VAX 3 was identified efficient in the acquisition of N and P but non respondent to the application of N and P fertilizer. PR 0443-151 was identified efficient in the acquisition of N and P and it responds as well to the application of N and P fertilizer. VAX 3 had a shallow root system under low availability of N and P whereas PR 0443-151 had an intermediate root system under low N and a shallow root system under low P. Under low fertility, the sister lines with shallow and mixed root system had a greater yield (1254 kg ha-1 and 1302 kg ha-1 , respectively) that the sisters lines with deep root system (1040 kg ha-1 ). Under high fertility the opposite occurred. Under low fertility the concentration of N and P in the leaves of sisters lines with shallow root system (4.1%N and 0.4%P) were greater than the sister lines with deep root system (3.4%N and 0.3%P).