Hernández Vale, Omayra

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    Family Macrovalvitrematidae Yamaguti, 1963 (Monogenea: Heteronchoinea: Oligonchoinea): Study and descriptions of the Puerto Rican fauna, phylogeny and revised classification, and coevolutionary events resulting from the reconstruction of the host phylogeny based on parasite data
    (2011-05) Hernández Vale, Omayra; Williams, Ernest H. Jr.; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Bunkley Williams, Lucy; Alfaro, Monica; Schizas, Nikolaos; Aponte, Nilda E.; Department of Marine Sciences; Bird Picó, Fernando
    The Class Monogenea van Beneden, 1858 comprises a diverse group of platyhelminthes parasitic primarily on the external surfaces and gills of marine and freshwater fishes. The family Macrovalvitrematidae Yamaguti, 1963 is a small heteronchoinean family with distinctive anterior end and opisthaptor. This work includes the study of the macrovalvitrematid fauna on fishes of Puerto Rico, the analysis of characters, the phylogeny and a revised classification of the family Macrovalvitrematidae. Also the reconstruction of the host phylogeny based in the parasite data with notes in possible coevolutionary events and host specificity are discused. Fishes of the families Sciaenidae, Haemulidae, Sparidae were collected from the west coast of Puerto Rico (Mayagüez and Cabo Rojo) and examined for macrovalvitrematid monogeneans. Also few specimens of the sciaenid Micropogonias furnieri were collected from the northeast coast of Puerto Rico (Loíza). The results of this study includes one new species of the genus Pseudotagia from the haemulid Pomadasys corvinaeformis, representing new host record; one new genus and species from the sparid Archosargus rhomboidalis establishing also new locality record; and two new localities records for Macrovalvitrema argentinensis comb. nov. and Neopterinotrematoides avaginata. Two new combinations are proposed in this study: Macrovalvitrema argentinensis (synonym: Neomacrovalvitrema argentinensis) and Nicolasia cortesi (synonym: Pseudohargisia cortesi). The phylogenetic analysis of 42 characters using parsimony results in completely resolved tree (85 steps and 84% of consistency index) suggesting the monophyly of the family. The tree resulting from Bayesian analysis also supports the monophyly of the group with 93% of credibility value. Both analyses also suggests the diclidophorids of the subfamily Diclidophorinae (Mamaevicotyle) as the sister group of the Macrovalvitrematidae resulting in the paraphyly of the Family Diclidophoridae. The host phylogeny suggests a close relation between the perciform families Sciaenidae, Lutjanidae, Sparidae, Haemulidae and Serranidae. The cladograms also indicates the polyphyly of the Percomorpha with the position of the pleuronectiform (flat fish) as sister group of the families Sparidae, Lutjanidae and Sciaenidae. The position of C. sordidus suggests a host-switching event associated with the origin of Papillopseudotagia hubbsi on C. sordidus. The basal position of the Haemulidae is congruent with the position of Papillopseudotagia suggesting co-speciation. The high prevalence and mean intensity of Pseudotagia on the haemulid Pomadasys support the strong relation between this macrovalvitrematid genus and the family Haemulidae. The co-occurrence of the subfamilies Macrovalvitrematinae and Pterinotrematoidinae among numerous sciaenids and the lutjanids indicates that both have coevolved together with the host.