Lorenzo-Vázquez, Giovanni

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    Evaluación del ensayo Base 120 para adaptación al estrés abiótico en habichuela (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) mediante la utilidad de un carro para recolección de datos de detección proximal
    (2017) Lorenzo-Vázquez, Giovanni; Beaver, James S.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Estévez de Jensen, Consuelo; Porch, Timothy G.; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Ponce de León, Leyda
    High temperatures and low soil fertility are major abiotic factors that limit the production of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the lowland tropics (< 1000 m). The Bean Abiotic Stress Evaluation (BASE 120) trial was planted at the Isabela Substation of the University of Puerto Rico in June and November of 2015 and June of 2016. The principal objective of the BASE 120 Trial was to identify common bean lines with better adaptation to moderate heat stress and low soil fertility. The field trials included 118 common bean and two tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) lines from the Zamorano, CIAT, USDA-ARS, University of Puerto Rico and Michigan State University programs. A randomized complete block design with five replicates was used. Fertilizer was not applied although seeds of the lines were inoculated with Rhizobium etli strain 632 and R. tropici strain 899. At 45 days after planting, nodulation was evaluated using the 1-9 CIAT scale. The chlorophyll content in the leaves was measured using a portable meter. The agronomic characteristics of the lines were evaluated and the seed yield of each of the treatments was measured. In addition, the "shovelomics" methodology was used to study root characteristics. A proximal detection cart was used to take data on plant temperature and traits associated with biomass (height, NDVI and NDRE). Lines that had greater vigor, nodulation and seed yield were identified. Among the most promising lines from the BASE 120 Trial are genotypes that also showed resistance to Bean Golden Yelllow Mosaic Virus, Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis, root rot and charcoal rot. These results demonstrate that it is possible to develop high-yielding bean breeding lines that combine resistance to both biotic and abiotic constraints. The highest yielding lines had intermediate values for days to flowering, days to maturity, and biomass. Negative and significant correlations between root rot scores and seed yield, between nodulation scores and days to flowering, and between NDVI (biomass) and nodulation scores were observed. Crop rotation and root rot resistance promoted plant vigor and allowed the plant to more effectively absorb soil nutrients.