Vásquez-Vélez, Laura M.

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    Revision and phylogeny of the genus Pselaphomorphus Motschulsky, 1855 (Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae: Jubini).
    (2012) Vásquez-Vélez, Laura M.; Santos-Flores, Carlos J.; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Cafaro, Matías J.; Franz, Nico M.; Department of Biology; Macchiavelli, Raúl E.
    The Neotropical genus Pselaphomorphus Motschulsky, 1855 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Jubini Raffray) is revised, including the redescription of P. sculpturatus Motshulsky, 1855 (Panama), P. longiceps Raffray, 1890 (Brazil) and P. microphthalmus Raffray, 1890 (Venezuela) and description of 19 new species: P. breviantennis, sp.n (Bolivia), P. macrommatus, sp.n (Ecuador), P.difficilis, sp.n (Costa Rica), P. parkensis, sp.n (Costa Rica), P. chandleri, sp.n (Panama), P. incarum, sp.n (Peru), P. azuayensis, sp.n (Ecuador), P. raffrayi, sp.n (Peru), P. agametopus, sp.n (Colombia), P. longissimus, sp.n (Panamá), P. iguazuensis, sp.n (Argentina), P. santaecrucis, sp.n (Bolivia), P. melanosus, sp.n (Costa Rica), P. veracruzanus, sp.n (Mexico), P. wagneri, sp.n (Mexico), P. mayarum, sp.n (Honduras and Belize), P. carenobothrus, sp.n (Ecuador and Peru), P. acutispinosus, sp.n (Peru) and P. carltoni, sp.n (Ecuador). A key to species and illustrations of external and internal structures of males is provided. Pselaphomorphus is characterized as a monophyletic group by two unreversed synapomorphies: the presence of an antennal tuberculum chordate basally and the head longitudinal sulcus complete, not bifurcated; additionally it can be recognized by the combination of diagnostic features as lateral pronotal lobes, the complete transversal sulcus and the presence of the basal discal foveae and the sutural fovea in the elytra. A phylogenetic reconstruction of 29 taxa (6 outgroup, 23 ingroup) and 33 morphological characters resulted in two equally parsimonious trees, from which the strict consensus tree is presented (L=76 steps, CI=44, RI=79) with the ingroup topology (P. breviantennis, P. longiceps (P. macrommatus, (P. difficilis (P. parkensis, (P. chandleri, P. incarum)))), (P.microphthalmus, ((P. azuayensis, P. raffrayi), (((P. agametopus, P. longissimus), (P. iguazuensis, (P. brevipennis, P. santaecrucis))), (P. melanosus, (P. veracruzanus, ((P. karenobothrous, P. acutispinosus), ((P. mayarum, P. wagneri), (P. carltoni, P. sculpturatus)))))))))). The phylogeny indicates that Phasmisus Aubé (Pselaphinae: Jubini) is the most closely related sister genus for Pselaphomorphus. The altitudinal distributions of the species groups formed in the phylogenetic analysis suggest their potential use in biogeographical studies. However, many hypotheses remain to be tested in relation to the ecology and natural history of this group of Neotropical Pselaphines.