Montes-Albino, Gina M.

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    The role of Ca+2 doping on the structural, magnetic and electrical properties of bismuth ferrite powders and films
    (2018-07) Montes-Albino, Gina M.; Perales-Pérez, Oscar J.; College of Engineering; Quintero Aguilo, Pedro; Valentín Rullán, Ricky; Department of Mechanical Engineering; Hudgins, Thomas
    The search for alternative ways of collecting, storing and reusing energy has motivated our research to investigate multifunctional materials based on the perovskite structure, such as Bismuth ferrite (BFO). Our scope was to synthesize pure and calcium doped Bismuth Ferrite powders and thin films deposited on Platinum substrate by sol-gel method. Consequently, multifunctional properties were analyzed as a function of the BFO composition and growing conditions. Moreover, pure BFO powders at 700ºC exhibited bismuth oxide secondary phase for all growing times. When a suitable amount of 2% and 5% Calcium ions was incorporated to BFO host the secondary phases became negligible to XRD detection at 15 mins and 30mins growing times. Also, magnetic behavior for pure powders exhibited paramagnetic to ferromagnetic with structure tuning. The magnetic susceptibility increased from 68memu/g at 15mins to 120 memu/g at 15mins as calcium doping goes up to 5% for powders. Coherency strain were confirmed for BFO host deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si. The annealing temperature for thin films deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si were 600 ºC. Films at 15mins and 30mins are suitable conditions for structure formation. Furthermore, the Coesite was the secondary phase observed in some condition films. Also, pure BFO host deposited on Pt/SiO2/Si exhibited a ferrimagnetic with a maximum magnetization of 50 emu/cm3 at 15mins annealing time. The coercivity of pure BFO host films were higher at 45mins and 60mins with 57Oe and 70Oe respectively. Indeed, suitable calcium composition for films were 5% and 7%. The magnetization for 5% calcium doping films at 15 mins and 30mins were 22 emu/cm3 and 10 emu/cm3. P-E loops were compared at 8V for the 0%, 2%,5% and 7% calcium composition films at 30mins; 10,000Hz. Remnant polarization were 5 µC/cm2, 2 µC/cm2, 6 µC/cm2 and 21 µC/cm2, respectively. The sample film with 5% of calcium doping at 30mins were tested at different voltages up to 18V. The maximum remnant polarization was around 50 µC/cm2. Moreover, polarization in films were enhanced by the incorporation of calcium ions. Also, the stabilization of BFO host were exhibited at 30min annealing time with 5% of calcium ions film. As a result, magnetic and electric properties are coupled forming a multiferroic material in function of annealing temperature, time and calcium composition.