Pasquel Gómez, María Gabriela

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    Evaluación de efectos de bioestimulantes y nitrógeno en crecimiento, productividad, calidad, plagas y enfermedades en dos variedades de granada (Punica granatum) en el suroeste de Puerto Rico
    (2022-05-19) Pasquel Gómez, María Gabriela; Morales Payán, José P.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Ferwerda Van Reenen, Feiko H.; Mejía Maymí, Luis; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Kolterman, Duane A.
    Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit crop of economic importance in many countries and has potential as a crop to produce fruit for the fresh or processing markets, as well as for use as an ornamental or a medicinal plant. There is little information about pomegranate varieties and production practices for this crop based on research conducted in Puerto Rico. In 2020 and 2021 field research was conducted in Lajas, Puerto Rico to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) rates and options of biostimulants on the growth, incidence and damages of arthropods and pathogens, as well as fruit productivity and quality of ‘Palermo’ and ‘Parfianka’ pomegranate. The N rates were 100 and 125 g N/plant/year spread in 12 equal monthly applications. The biostimulants were commercially available formulations based on an extract of the alga Ascophyllum nodosum (EA), amino acids (AA), peptides (PEP) and humic acid (AH) at recommended rates applied every 2 weeks. N and biostimulants were applied to the soil near the stem base (drench). In both varieties, the insects Lysathia occidentalis and Leptoglossus gonagra were found damaging leaves and fruits, respectively. Also, the fungus Pseudoperonospora punicae affected the leaves, and a complex of the fungi Colletotrichum/Alternaria/Fusarium affected the fruits; it was determined that the biostimulant and N treatments did not affect the insects and diseases in pomegranate. In ‘Palermo’ plants treated with AH were the tallest and widest and had greater concentrations of chlorophyll. Plants treated with PEP had larger leaf area, and plants treated with AA had more secondary stems at the plant base. The treatments did not significantly affect the concentration of mineral nutrients in the pomegranate leaves, the time of flowering, fruit retention, the number of fruits harvested per plant, or fruit size, weight or quality. In contrast, in ‘Parfianka’ plants treated with EA had greater values for height and width, treatment with PEP significantly increased the concentration of leaf chlorophyll, and AH+125 g N/plant/year significantly increased the concentration of potassium in the leaves. The same as in ‘Palermo’, treatment with AA resulted in a larger number of secondary stems in ‘Parfianka’ plants. The treatments did not significantly affect ‘Parfianka’ time of flowering, time to harvesting, percentage of fruit retention, fruit number, fruit color, concentration of soluble solids and acidity of the fruit juice. However, ‘Parfianka’ fruits from plants treated with HU were heavier, and fruits from plants receiving AA were larger because of greater polar and equatorial diameters. These results indicate that applying some biostimulant and N treatments may be effective to manage growth, productivity, and quality in pomegranate in Puerto Rico.