Morales Salvá, Arielís

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    Genome-wide association analysis of anthracnose resistance in NPGS Yemen sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench] germplasm
    (2022-04-25) Morales Salvá, Arielís; Van Ee Smit, Benjamin; College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences; Cuevas, Hugo E.; Rodríguez Minguela, Carlos; Department of Biology; Valderrama Fuquen, Clara
    Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is the fifth most consumed cereal in the world. Nevertheless, the productivity and profitability of sorghum is limited by the fungus Colletotrichum sublineola, the causative agent of anthracnose disease. Currently the most adequate and economically feasible strategy to control anthracnose is the use of plant breeding strategies for the selection of genes encoding resistance phenotypes. However, only a limited number of resistant sources are used by the sorghum industry to cope with the rapid evolution of this disease and its potential to cause outbreaks of catastrophic consequences. Hence, the identification of new sources of anthracnose resistance and the improvement of the effectiveness and durability of the resistance response across sorghum crops is imperative. To this end, in this project, the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS) Yemen core collection which consist of 394 accessions was genetically and phenotypically characterized to identify new sources of anthracnose resistance. Genotyping-by-sequencing of this core collection identified 156,354 single nucleotide polymorphisms located within or adjacent to 23,064 annotated genes. Population structure analysis found that 79% of the accessions in the core belongs to six ancestral populations with pairwise FST values ranging from 0.15 to 0.32. For most of the accessions, genetic diversity was moderate as indicated by an average pairwise genetic distance of 0.69. Anthracnose resistance response evaluation across four field experiments found that 27 accessions were resistant to anthracnose, using a scale of 1–5 as follows: 1 = no symptoms or chlorotic flecks on leaves; 2 = hypersensitive reaction on inoculated leaves but no acervuli in the center; 3 = lesions on inoculated leaves with acervuli; 4 = necrotic lesions with acervuli observed on inoculated and bottom leaves with infection spreading to middle leaves; 5 = most leaves are dead due to infection including on the flag leaf. Genome-wide association scans for anthracnose resistance response were performed on 139,593 SNPs using the fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (farmCPU). A significant association was found in a 45,387 bp genomic region in linkage disequilibrium at the top of chromosome 2. Candidate gene analysis within this genomic region detected nine annotated genes, including Sobic.002G027700 which encodes a threonine protein kinase and domains containing regions of leucine-rich repeats, which are features associated with resitance traits. The 27 anthracnose-resistant accessions identified in this study, together with the nine candidate genes found to be associated with that resistance, provide guidance for the selection and further development of anthracnose resistant sorghum.