Publication:
Detection of human-derived fecal contamination in Puerto Rico using carbamazepine, HF183 bacteriodes, and fecal indicator bacteria

dc.contributor.advisor Otero Morales, Ernesto
dc.contributor.author Wade, Christina
dc.contributor.college College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences en_US
dc.contributor.committee Armstrong, Roy
dc.contributor.committee Morell, Julio M.
dc.contributor.committee Corredor, Jorge
dc.contributor.department Department of Marine Sciences en_US
dc.contributor.representative Grove, Kurt A.
dc.date.accessioned 2018-11-10T13:33:23Z
dc.date.available 2018-11-10T13:33:23Z
dc.date.issued 2015
dc.description.abstract Carbamazepine (CBZ) and fecal indicator bacteria were used to detect fecal pollution and its human origins in 17 sites located mostly in coastal areas of Puerto Rico. CBZ was quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Escherichia coli (E.coli) was enumerated using Colilert® enzyme substrate medium and Quanti-Tray®/2000. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect the human-specific genetic marker, HF183 Bacteriodes. CBZ was detected in 16 sites, including Condado Lagoon, which is a popular recreational area. Average CBZ concentrations ranged from 0.005 μgL-1 to 0.482 μgL-1. In general, CBZ concentrations were lower in less-densely populated areas, which support its use as a more specific wastewater indicator. Elevated E.coli levels (>410 CFU 100mL-1) were detected in 13 sites, and 7 sites were positive for HF183. E.coli and CBZ were significantly correlated (R= 0.485, P value = < 0.05). Higher CBZ concentrations were associated with the detection of HF183 (Mann-Whitney test;U= 42.0; df=7; 1-tailed P value = < 0.05). The widespread detection of CBZ indicates that rivers and streams near the coast in Puerto Rico may be a significant source of pollutants related with human-derived fecal contamination. This was the second study to determine surface water concentrations of CBZ in the Caribbean and the first in Puerto Rico. en_US
dc.description.abstract Carbamazepina (CBZ) y bacterias indicadoras de material fecal fueron utilizadas para detectar la contaminación fecal y y su origen humano en 17 lugares, mayormente cercanas a la costa de Puerto Rico. CBZ fue cuantificado utilizando ensayos de inmuno-adsorción enzimática (ELISA) y Escherichiacoli (E.coli) fue enumerado usando un el medio de substrato de enzimas Colilert ® en conjunto con Quanti-Tray®/2000. La detección del marcador genético especifico para material fecal humano, HF183 Bacteroides, fue detectado usando reacciones de polimerasa en cadena cuantitativa (qPCR). CBZ fue detectado en 16 de las 17 localidades, incluyendo la Laguna del Condado, la cual es un área popular para actividades recreativas. La concentración promedio de CBZ fluctuó entre 0.005μgL-1 a 0.482 μgL-1. Niveles elevados de E.coli (>410 CFU 100mL-1) fue detectado en 13 lugares, 7 dieron positivas para HF183. E.coli y CBZ se correlacionaron significativamente (R= 0.485, P value = < 0.05). Las concentraciones mayores de CBZ fueron asociadas con la detección de HF183 (Mann-Whitney test;U= 42.0; df=7; 1-tailed P value= 0.013). La amplia detección de CBZ indica que los rios y quebradas cercanas a la costa de Puerto Rico pueden ser una fuente significativa de contaminantes asociados a los desechos fecales humanos. Este es el segundo estudio que determina la concentración de CBZ en las aguas superficiales en el Caribe y el primero realizado en Puerto Rico. en_US
dc.description.graduationSemester Spring en_US
dc.description.graduationYear 2015 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board through contract number 2013-000040 en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/1120
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.rights.holder (c) 2015 Christina Wade en_US
dc.rights.license All rights reserved en_US
dc.subject Carbamazepine en_US
dc.subject Water--Pollution--Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject Inland water pollution en_US
dc.subject Feces--Detection en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Bacterial pollution of water -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Carbamazepine en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Escherichia coli en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Water -- Microbiology -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.title Detection of human-derived fecal contamination in Puerto Rico using carbamazepine, HF183 bacteriodes, and fecal indicator bacteria en_US
dc.type Thesis en_US
dspace.entity.type Publication
thesis.degree.discipline Marine Sciences en_US
thesis.degree.level M.S. en_US
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