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Biodiversidad de ciliados y su contribuciĆ³n a la productividad secundaria en briĆ³fitos del Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro, Puerto Rico
Camacho-GarzĆ³n, Yudy A.
Camacho-GarzĆ³n, Yudy A.
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Abstract
Durante las Ćŗltimas dos dĆ©cadas se ha examinado la controversial observaciĆ³n de que a mayor diversidad vegetal mayor productividad primaria neta y retenciĆ³n de nutrientes. Sin embargo, se desconoce si un aumento en la diversidad de plantas redunda en un aumento en la diversidad y productividad de otros niveles trĆ³ficos, e.g., ciliados. Los briĆ³fitos representan un sistema ideal para estudiar esta relaciĆ³n, dadas sus condiciones microambientales intermedias entre un sistema acuĆ”tico y uno terrestre promueven la actividad y biodiversidad a escalas microbianas. Si el microhĆ”bitat que conforman los briĆ³fitos genera heterogeneidad morfolĆ³gica y espacial, entonces un aumento en la riqueza de briĆ³fitos estimularĆ” la diversidad de ciliados y en consecuencia su aportaciĆ³n a la productividad secundaria. Se establecieron microcosmos con cuatro niveles de riqueza (combinaciones aleatorias de 1, 3 ,5 y 8 especies de briĆ³fitos). Se registrĆ³ un total de 77 morfoespecies de ciliados distribuidos en siete clases: Colpodea, Oligohymenophorea, Spirotrichea, Litostomatea, Nassophorea, Prostomatea y Phyllopharyngea. No se encontrĆ³ un efecto de la diversidad de briĆ³fitos sobre la riqueza (p>0.34) y abundancia (p>0.05) de los ciliados, es decir, un aumento en la riqueza de plantas aparentemente no tiene un efecto en la diversidad de ciliados. Por otra parte, hubo un efecto de la diversidad de briĆ³fitos sobre la productividad secundaria de los ciliados (p>0.01). Por lo tanto la mayor productividad anual de ciliados se presentĆ³ en el microcosmo con ocho especies de briĆ³fitos (0.53 kJ g sustrato-1 aƱo-1), mientras que la menor se reportĆ³ pĆ”ra el microcosmo con una especie de briĆ³fito (0.23 kJ (g sustrato aƱo)-1. La contribuciĆ³n de ciliados a la productividad secundaria en briĆ³fitos de bosques tropicales es menor a la reportada para de suelos tropicales y ecosistemas acuĆ”ticos, solo aumenta cuando se aƱade materia orgĆ”nica a los microcosmos.
During the last two decades there has been on evaluation regarding the controversial observation that to as plant diversity and biomass increases, net primary productivity and retention of nutrients also increases. It is still unknown whether an increase in plant diversity leads to an increase in the diversity and productivity of other trophic levels such as ciliates. Bryophytes represent an ideal system for studying this relationship since their microenvironmental conditions are intermediate between an aquatic and terrestrial system and thus promoting microbial biodiversity and activity. If bryophyte microhabitats generate morphological and spatial heterogeneity, then an increase in bryophyte species richness will stimulate ciliate diversity and consequently their contribution to secondary productivity. Microcosms were established with four levels of richness (random combinations of 1, 3, 5 and 8 bryophyte species). A total of 77 morphospecies of ciliates were found distributed among seven classes: Colpodea, Oligohymenophorea, Spirotrichea, Litostomatea, Nassophorea, Prostomatea and Phyllopharyngea. There was no effect of bryophyte diversity on ciliates species richness (p>0.34) and abundance (p>0.05), that is, an increase in plant species richness apparently does not have an effect on ciliate diversity. And the other hand, there was an effect of bryophyte diversity on the secondary productivity of ciliates (p>0.01). Hence, the highest annual ciliate productivity was found in microcosms with eight species of bryophytes (0.53 kJ (g sustrate yr)-1, whereas the lowest in microcosm one (0.23 kJ (g sutrate yr)-1. The contribution of ciliates to secondary productivity in bryophytes of tropical ecosystems is lower than reported for tropical soils and aquatic ecosystems only increasing when organic matter was added to the microcosm. Despite the fact the bryophyte diversity does not seem to enhance ciliate diversity it stimulate ciliate secondary productivity.
During the last two decades there has been on evaluation regarding the controversial observation that to as plant diversity and biomass increases, net primary productivity and retention of nutrients also increases. It is still unknown whether an increase in plant diversity leads to an increase in the diversity and productivity of other trophic levels such as ciliates. Bryophytes represent an ideal system for studying this relationship since their microenvironmental conditions are intermediate between an aquatic and terrestrial system and thus promoting microbial biodiversity and activity. If bryophyte microhabitats generate morphological and spatial heterogeneity, then an increase in bryophyte species richness will stimulate ciliate diversity and consequently their contribution to secondary productivity. Microcosms were established with four levels of richness (random combinations of 1, 3, 5 and 8 bryophyte species). A total of 77 morphospecies of ciliates were found distributed among seven classes: Colpodea, Oligohymenophorea, Spirotrichea, Litostomatea, Nassophorea, Prostomatea and Phyllopharyngea. There was no effect of bryophyte diversity on ciliates species richness (p>0.34) and abundance (p>0.05), that is, an increase in plant species richness apparently does not have an effect on ciliate diversity. And the other hand, there was an effect of bryophyte diversity on the secondary productivity of ciliates (p>0.01). Hence, the highest annual ciliate productivity was found in microcosms with eight species of bryophytes (0.53 kJ (g sustrate yr)-1, whereas the lowest in microcosm one (0.23 kJ (g sutrate yr)-1. The contribution of ciliates to secondary productivity in bryophytes of tropical ecosystems is lower than reported for tropical soils and aquatic ecosystems only increasing when organic matter was added to the microcosm. Despite the fact the bryophyte diversity does not seem to enhance ciliate diversity it stimulate ciliate secondary productivity.
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2008
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Keywords
Diversidad vegetal, Productividad primaria neta, BriĆ³fitos, Diversidad de ciliados, Productividad secundaria