Publication:
Plantas de cobertura, densidad de plantacion de papaya- plátano intercalado y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de frutos
Plantas de cobertura, densidad de plantacion de papaya- plátano intercalado y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de frutos
Authors
Racancoj Coyoy, Astrid J.
Embargoed Until
Advisor
Valencia Chin, Elide
College
College of Agricultural Sciences
Department
Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences
Degree Level
M.S.
Publisher
Date
2018-05
Abstract
Durante los años 2016 y 2017, en las facilidades de la Subestación Experimental Agrícola de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en Isabela, se establecieron dos estudios. En el primer estudio se evaluaron dos densidades de siembra de papaya (Carica papaya L.) y el uso de plantas de cobertura (PC) [rábano (Raphanus sativus L.) y sésamo (Sesamun indicum L.)] sobre el control de malezas, desarrollo y rendimiento del cv. Red Lady. Las densidades de siembra correspondieron a siembra en hilera simple (3.5 ×1.25 m) y doble hilera (4 ×2 ×1.25 m). Una semana después del trasplante de las papayas, se realizó la siembra manual de las PC en densidad de 13 kg ha-1. A las 14 semanas de sembradas las PC, se cortaron y se dejaron en la superficie del suelo (cobertura muerta). Se encontró diferencia significativa (p<0.05) entre las PC y su estado fenológico para el control de malezas. El rábano presentó un 94 % y 69 % de control en estado de cobertura viva y cobertura muerta, respectivamente. El sésamo presentó eficiencia únicamente como cobertura viva, controlando un 76 % las malezas. Se encontró diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en los rendimientos de materia seca (MS); el sésamo presentó rendimientos de 1,030 kg MS ha-1. El rábano presentó rendimientos de 1,740 kg MS ha-1. Contrastes ortogonales (hilera simple vs doble hilera) mostraron diferencias significativas (p<0.05) en rendimiento y número de frutos. La siembra en doble hilera (4,000 plantas ha-1) muestra rendimientos de 49,787 kg ha-1 con un total de 46,572 frutos. Mientras que en hilera simple (2,285 plantas ha-1) la producción fue de 23,789 frutos con un rendimiento de 24,791 kg ha-1. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) entre las dos densidades de siembra en la producción por planta, número y diámetro de frutos. Al momento de realizar la cosecha se confirma que sembrar en doble hilera se incrementa el rendimiento con relación a la siembra en hilera simple, sin afectar la cantidad y diámetro de los frutos.
En el segundo estudio se evaluaron dos densidades de siembra de papaya y plátano (Musa acuminata × Musa balbissiana) intercalado sobre el desarrollo y rendimiento del cv. Red Lady. Las dos densidades evaluadas correspondían a siembra en hilera simple (2 ×1.40 m) y doble hilera (4×1×1.40 m). Los sistemas de siembra evaluados fueron: convencional (monocultivo de papaya) e intercalado (papaya + plátano). Se determinó el índice de uso de terreno (UET) del sistema de siembra. No se encontró diferencia significativa (p>0.05) entre los sistemas de siembra para altura y diámetro de las plantas. Contrastes ortogonales (monocultivo vs siembra intercalada) no mostraron diferencias significativas (p>0.05) en rendimiento y número de frutos. La cosecha de papayas intercaladas con plátano mostró rendimientos de 55,274 kg ha-1 con un total de 47,674 frutos. Mientras que en ausencia del plátano se pueden cosechar 46,665 frutos con rendimientos de 60,292 kg ha-1. La producción por planta fue de 13 kg y 14 kg en el sistema de cultivo intercalado y monocultivo, respectivamente. El UET parcial del cultivo de papaya fue 0.89 y 0.93 en siembra de doble hilera y en hilera simple, respectivamente. En este estudio se muestra que la siembra intercalada con plátano no afecta el crecimiento ni la producción de la planta de papaya.
During 2016 and 2017, at the facilities of the Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) of the University of Puerto Rico in Isabela, two studies were established. The first study evaluated two planting densities of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and the use of cover crops [radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamun indicum L.)] on the weed control, development and yield of cv. Red Lady. Planting densities correspond to conventional planting single rows (3.5 × 1.25 m) and double row (4 × 2 × 1.25 m). One week after papaya transplant, cover crops (radish and sesame) were planted at 13 kg ha-1. Fourteen weeks after planting, cover crops were harvested and left on the soil surface. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the weed control between cover crops and phenological stage. Radish controlled 94% and 69% of the weeds for live and mulch, respectively. Sesame was effective in controlling 76% of weeds in live cover. Likewise, significant differences were found (p<0.05) in dry matter (DM) yields; sesame had 1,030 kg DM ha-1, while radish presented 1,740 kg DM ha-1. Orthogonal contrasts (simple row vs double row) show significant differences (p< 0.05) in yield and number of fruits. Planting in double row (4,000 plants ha-1) had yields of 49,787 kg ha-1 from a total of 46,572 fruits. While simple rows (2,285 plants ha-1) produced 23,789 fruits, with 24,791 kg ha-1 papaya yield. Net production per plant, and diameter of fruits did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between planting densities. At harvesting, this study confirmed that when planting in double rows yields increased in relation to planting in simple row, without affecting the quantity and diameter of the fruits. The second study evaluated two planting densities of papaya with plantain (Musa acuminata × Musa balbissiana) intercropped on the development and yield of cv. Red Lady. Planting densities correspond to conventional planting single rows (2 × 1.40 m) and double row (4 × 1 × 1.40 m). The planting systems evaluated was: conventional (papaya monoculture) and intercropping (papaya + plantain). The land use index of the intercropping system was determinate. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between planting systems for plant height and diameter. Orthogonal Contrasts (conventional vs intercropping) did not show significant differences (p> 0.05) in yield and fruits numbers. Intercropping plantain yielded of 55,274 kg ha-1 (47,674 papaya fruits). Meanwhile, in the absence of plantain yields was 60,292 kg ha-1 (46,665 fruits). Net production per plant in the intercropping system was 13 kg and did, not differ statistically from monoculture of 14 kg. A partial land equivalent use index of 0.89 and 0.93 for double row and conventional, respectively was calculate. This study concluded, that intercropping papaya with plantain does not affect the development and production of papayas.
During 2016 and 2017, at the facilities of the Agricultural Experiment Station (AES) of the University of Puerto Rico in Isabela, two studies were established. The first study evaluated two planting densities of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and the use of cover crops [radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamun indicum L.)] on the weed control, development and yield of cv. Red Lady. Planting densities correspond to conventional planting single rows (3.5 × 1.25 m) and double row (4 × 2 × 1.25 m). One week after papaya transplant, cover crops (radish and sesame) were planted at 13 kg ha-1. Fourteen weeks after planting, cover crops were harvested and left on the soil surface. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the weed control between cover crops and phenological stage. Radish controlled 94% and 69% of the weeds for live and mulch, respectively. Sesame was effective in controlling 76% of weeds in live cover. Likewise, significant differences were found (p<0.05) in dry matter (DM) yields; sesame had 1,030 kg DM ha-1, while radish presented 1,740 kg DM ha-1. Orthogonal contrasts (simple row vs double row) show significant differences (p< 0.05) in yield and number of fruits. Planting in double row (4,000 plants ha-1) had yields of 49,787 kg ha-1 from a total of 46,572 fruits. While simple rows (2,285 plants ha-1) produced 23,789 fruits, with 24,791 kg ha-1 papaya yield. Net production per plant, and diameter of fruits did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between planting densities. At harvesting, this study confirmed that when planting in double rows yields increased in relation to planting in simple row, without affecting the quantity and diameter of the fruits. The second study evaluated two planting densities of papaya with plantain (Musa acuminata × Musa balbissiana) intercropped on the development and yield of cv. Red Lady. Planting densities correspond to conventional planting single rows (2 × 1.40 m) and double row (4 × 1 × 1.40 m). The planting systems evaluated was: conventional (papaya monoculture) and intercropping (papaya + plantain). The land use index of the intercropping system was determinate. There was no significant difference (p> 0.05) between planting systems for plant height and diameter. Orthogonal Contrasts (conventional vs intercropping) did not show significant differences (p> 0.05) in yield and fruits numbers. Intercropping plantain yielded of 55,274 kg ha-1 (47,674 papaya fruits). Meanwhile, in the absence of plantain yields was 60,292 kg ha-1 (46,665 fruits). Net production per plant in the intercropping system was 13 kg and did, not differ statistically from monoculture of 14 kg. A partial land equivalent use index of 0.89 and 0.93 for double row and conventional, respectively was calculate. This study concluded, that intercropping papaya with plantain does not affect the development and production of papayas.
Keywords
Carica papaya L. - Plant spacing - Puerto Rico,
Cover crops - Phenology - Puerto Rico,
Plantain (Musa acuminata) - Plant spacing - Puerto Rico
Cover crops - Phenology - Puerto Rico,
Plantain (Musa acuminata) - Plant spacing - Puerto Rico
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Cite
Racancoj Coyoy, A. J. (2018). Plantas de cobertura, densidad de plantacion de papaya- plátano intercalado y su efecto sobre el rendimiento de frutos [Thesis]. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/1737