Publication:
Quinoa and amaranth: multi-purpose agro-industrial crops

dc.contributor.advisor Valencia-Chin, Elide
dc.contributor.author Vidal-Torres, Edil
dc.contributor.college College of Agricultural Sciences en_US
dc.contributor.committee Linares Ramírez, Angela
dc.contributor.committee Dumas, Jose
dc.contributor.committee Simsek, Senay
dc.contributor.department Department of Food Science and Technology en_US
dc.contributor.representative Bellido, Carmen
dc.date.accessioned 2019-05-24T08:44:40Z
dc.date.available 2019-05-24T08:44:40Z
dc.date.issued 2019-03-19
dc.description.abstract Studies were conducted in 2018 with two multi-purpose agro-industrial crops [quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and amaranth (Amaranthus sp.)] to characterize its chemical composition. Limited information is available on the nutritional value of quinoa grown in a tropical environment. The objective of this research was to developed an amino acids profile, determined crude protein, by two nitrogen procedures (Kjeldahl and Combustion), dietary fiber, total fat, starch and mineral (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, iron and zinc) concentrations on 3-wk old leaves and mature seeds of three quinoa accessions [Ames 13746 (Pison), Ames 13748 (Copacabana) and Ames 13745 (Kaslaea)]. Compositional analysis was completed using AOAC, AACCI, and AOCS official methods. Leaves samples were dried in a forced air oven at 65° C for 72 hours, ground in a Wiley mill. Seeds at physiological maturity (15-wks) were harvested, dried and ground for analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS, and means were separated using Tukey’s test, when significant differences were found. Lysine was higher than most of the staple grains. There was no significant (P >0.05) difference between Pison, Copacabana and Kaslaea for crude protein of leaves and seeds in both N procedures. However, there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between N procedures. Crude protein percentages were higher using the Combustion method with mean percentage of 33.3 and 16.6 %, leaves and seed respectively. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF) percentage in the leaves differed significantly (P >0.05) among quinoa accessions, whereas soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was similar. Seeds of quinoa did not differ significantly (P >0.05) in percentage IDF, SDF and TDF, nor in total fat and total starch. Calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) concentrations were different (P <0.05) among accessions, but not for magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), potassium (K) and zinc (Zn), but among accessions seed there was no significant (P >0.05) difference. This result shows high nutritional properties (crude protein and minerals) of quinoa accessions, with Kaslaea exhibiting higher total dietary fiber in their leaves. For the second study, chemical components were determined on the leaves and seeds of four amaranth varieties. Information is lacking on the chemical composition of leaves and seed of A. cruentus (Juana, Aurelia, Elena) and A viridis (Callaloo) in Puerto Rico. The objective of this study was to develop an amino acids profile, and determine crude protein, by two nitrogen procedures (Kjeldahl and Combustion) dietary fiber, total fat, starch and mineral (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, iron and zinc) concentrations on 3-wk old leaves and mature seeds of field grown A. cruentus (Juana, Aurelia, Elena) and A viridis (Callaloo). Compositional analysis was completed using AOAC, AACCI, and AOCS official methods. Harvested leaves were dried in a forced air oven at 65° C for 72 hours, and ground in a Wiley mill. Seeds at physiological maturity (15-wks) were harvested, dried and ground for analysis. Data were analyzed using SAS, and when means were significant were separated using Tukey’s test. Lysine content of amaranth species was higher than common cereals. There were significant differences (P >0.05) in crude protein (CP) on leaves for both nitrogen procedures. But among amaranth seeds, there was no significant difference (P >0.05). Combustion presented the higher CP percentage (22 %) and (19 %) leaves and seed respectively. Among amaranth leaves, there were significant differences (P >0.05) in IDF and TDF, while amaranth seeds differed (P >0.05) for IDF, SDF and TDF. While total fat and starch in the seeds were not different (P >0.05). Calcium, Mg, and P concentrations differed in their leaves (P >0.05), but Fe, K, and Zn did not. Among amaranth seeds, there was a significant difference (P >0.05) for Ca, Mg, Fe, and P. This study demonstrates that amaranths are an excellent source of nutrients, with Elena and Aurelia having higher CP percentage in their leaves. en_US
dc.description.graduationSemester Summer en_US
dc.description.graduationYear 2019 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship This research would not have been possible without the direction, constant guidance and support of my advisor Dr. Elide Valencia. Thanks for the opportunity to work in your team, for your invaluable advice, encouragement, and friendship. I want to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Senay Simsek from North Dakota State University (NDSU) for the support and to offer her laboratory to complete most of my chemical’s analysis. To Kristin Whitney and Mary Niehaus for the guidance in the laboratory. Thanks to Dr. Angela Linares and Jose Dumas for their collaborations in this research. To the Tropical Agriculture Research Station (TARS) and Delvis Perez for his guidance and assistance at the laboratory. en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/2430
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.rights.holder (c) 2019 Edil Vidal Torres en_US
dc.rights.license All rights reserved en_US
dc.subject Quinoa en_US
dc.subject Amaranth en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Quinoa--Composition en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Amaranths--Composition en_US
dc.title Quinoa and amaranth: multi-purpose agro-industrial crops en_US
dc.type Thesis en_US
dspace.entity.type Publication
thesis.degree.discipline Food Science and Technology Program en_US
thesis.degree.level M.S. en_US
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