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Magnitud y distribuciĆ³n espacial de la salinidad y sodicidad del suelo a escala de campo en el Valle de Lajas, Puerto Rico
Ćlvarez-Torres, Beverly
Ćlvarez-Torres, Beverly
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Abstract
Se evaluĆ³ un mĆ©todo alterno para estimar la salinidad y sodicidad del suelo a escala local en el Valle de Lajas, Puerto Rico. Para esto, se midiĆ³ la conductividad elĆ©ctrica aparente del suelo (ECaV) utilizando el sensor de inducciĆ³n electromagnĆ©tica (EMI) EM-38Ā® en modo vertical (Geonics Limited, Ontario, CanadĆ”) en F1 (93.0 ha) y F2 (88.3 ha), dos fincas comerciales dedicadas a la producciĆ³n de semillas. A fin de aumentar el rango de datos, se aƱadiĆ³ un tercer conjunto mediciones tomadas en distintas partes del valle, F3 (1,107.7 ha). La seƱal de ECaV se procesĆ³ con el programa ESAP-RSSD para diseƱar el muestreo de suelos. Se tomaron muestras de suelos en 97 puntos geogrĆ”ficos a las profundidades 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, y 90-120 cm. Se realizaron extracciones en soluciones suelo:agua 1:5 (m:v) con las 388 muestras de suelo y en pastas saturadas con el 15% de las muestras tomadas. Se midiĆ³ la conductividad elĆ©ctrica (EC) y la razĆ³n de adsorciĆ³n de sodio (SAR) con el fin de generar modelos de regresiĆ³n entre las medidas 1:5 y pasta saturada para estimar ECe y SARe en el restante 85% de muestras a las cuales no se les realizĆ³ pasta saturada. Se ponderaron los valores de ECe y SARe para los 97 pedones a las profundidades 0-60 y 0-120 cm. Se produjeron mapas predictivos de ECe y SARe y se clasificaron los valores con la escala de salinidad y sodicidad de USSL (1954). Entre 0 y 60 cm de profundidad, el 43.1% del Ć”rea medida a escala local presentĆ³ condiciones salinas y/o sĆ³dicas, mientras que, entre 0 y 120 cm de profundidad es un 53.9% del Ć”rea, evidenciando que la salinidad y sodicidad aumentan en horizontes mĆ”s profundos. Este estudio propone un mĆ©todo rĆ”pido, confiable, y econĆ³mico para actualizar y monitorear las condiciones salinas y sĆ³dicas en suelos del Valle de Lajas, con la expectativa de contribuir al avance de las prĆ”cticas de manejo agronĆ³mico en la primera reserva agrĆcola de la isla. ā
An alternative method to estimate soil salinity and sodicity was evaluated at local scale in the Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico. The soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECaV) was measured using an EM-38Ā® electromagnetic induction sensor (EMI) (Geonics Limited, Ontario, Canada) in vertical mode in two commercial farms dedicated to the seed production, F1 (93.0 ha) and F2 (88.3 ha). The ECaV signal was processed with the ESAP-RSSD program to select the soil sampling points. To increase the data range, a third set of measurements were taken in different areas of the valley, F3 (1,107.7 ha). Soil samples were gathered from 97 pedons at depths 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm. Soil extractions were carried out in soil:water solutions 1:5 (m:v) using the 388 soil samples and in soil saturated paste using 15% of the samples. Electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was measured to generate regression models between laboratory methods to estimate ECe and SARe in the remaining 85% of samples that were not analyzed for soil saturated paste extracts. The ECe and SARe values were weighted for the 97 pedons at two depths, 0-60 and 0-120 cm. Predictive maps of ECe and SARe were produced and the values were classified with the salinity and sodicity scale by USSL (1954). 43.1% and 53.9% of the area was classified as being saline and/or sodic at 0-60 and 0-120 cm, respectively. Soil salinity and sodicity increased at deeper horizons. This study support previous work demonstrating the use of alternate extraction methods and EMI to assess soil salinity and sodicity.
An alternative method to estimate soil salinity and sodicity was evaluated at local scale in the Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico. The soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECaV) was measured using an EM-38Ā® electromagnetic induction sensor (EMI) (Geonics Limited, Ontario, Canada) in vertical mode in two commercial farms dedicated to the seed production, F1 (93.0 ha) and F2 (88.3 ha). The ECaV signal was processed with the ESAP-RSSD program to select the soil sampling points. To increase the data range, a third set of measurements were taken in different areas of the valley, F3 (1,107.7 ha). Soil samples were gathered from 97 pedons at depths 0-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm. Soil extractions were carried out in soil:water solutions 1:5 (m:v) using the 388 soil samples and in soil saturated paste using 15% of the samples. Electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) was measured to generate regression models between laboratory methods to estimate ECe and SARe in the remaining 85% of samples that were not analyzed for soil saturated paste extracts. The ECe and SARe values were weighted for the 97 pedons at two depths, 0-60 and 0-120 cm. Predictive maps of ECe and SARe were produced and the values were classified with the salinity and sodicity scale by USSL (1954). 43.1% and 53.9% of the area was classified as being saline and/or sodic at 0-60 and 0-120 cm, respectively. Soil salinity and sodicity increased at deeper horizons. This study support previous work demonstrating the use of alternate extraction methods and EMI to assess soil salinity and sodicity.
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Date
2021-06
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Keywords
soil salinity and sodicity, electromagnetic induction, soil electrical conductivity, Lajas Valley, sodium adsorption ratio