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Respuesta de variedades tardías de aguacate a riego por goteo, dos patrones y dos suelos de Puerto Rico
Martínez Cortés, Aranxa M.
Martínez Cortés, Aranxa M.
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Abstract
Las variedades tardías de aguacate podrían extender la temporada de producción en Puerto Rico, brindar mejores oportunidades de mercado para los agricultores, ya que existe poca información sobre estas. Por eso, los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar el efecto del contenido de humedad en el suelo (CHS) a capacidad de campo (CC) y en estrés hídrico (EH) en suelos Coto (Oxisol) y Fraternidad (Vertisol) en el crecimiento de aguacates tardíos (AT) Fuschia (F) y Semil 40 (S40) injertados en Simmonds (S) y Gripiña (G), confirmar buen estado nutricional y medir flujo de savia. Ambos suelos mostraron deficiencias de fósforo (hasta 29%), pero la materia orgánica mayor de 4% posiblemente proveyó parte de estos nutrientes ya que no se detectaron deficiencias en análisis foliares. En el suelo Coto, los CHS de todas las combinaciones obtuvieron medias mayores al 50% del intervalo de humedad disponible (IHD), indicando que el riego en EH pudo ser sobreestimado. Las combinaciones de AT con patrón G mostraron CHS menores, así como el injerto S40, mientras que la combinación S40S fue de mayor eficiencia por su bajo consumo de agua y buen crecimiento. En suelo Fraternidad, dentro del riego a CC solo la combinación S40G mostró CHS esperados (sobre 50% del IHD). Para riego en EH, solo FS y S40S mantuvieron CHS esperados. Posiblemente, el comportamiento dinámico del CHS en los primeros 50 cm de suelo provocó alta variabilidad, reflejada también en altas desviaciones estándar. Combinaciones de AT con patrón G fueron de mayor tamaño, FG en particular fue más eficiente en uso de agua comparado con su crecimiento. En ambos suelos FS fue de menor altura, sugiriendo un crecimiento más lento. Sobre el flujo de savia, obtuvo alta correlación con variables meteorológicas siendo velocidad de viento la más alta (R = 0.91). Los árboles de AT con flujo de savia más alto (FS) fueron de mayor tamaño, pero la combinación que le sigue (FG) obtuvo 36% menos flujo de savia con solo 6% menor volumen, sugiriendo mejor uso de agua.
Late-maturing avocado varieties are of interest to Puerto Rico for expanding the production season, as there is limited information available on these varieties. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of soil moisture content (SMC) at field capacity (FC) and water stress (WS) in Coto (Oxisol) and Fraternidad (Vertisol) soils on the growth of Fuschia (F) and Semil 40 (S40) late production avocados grafted onto Simmonds (S) and Gripiña (G), as well as to confirm good nutritional status and measure sap flow. Both soils showed deficiencies in phosphorus (up to 29%). However, the presence of organic matter greater than 4% may have provided some of the necessary nutrients, as no deficiencies were detected in the foliar analysis. The SMC means of all combinations showed greater than 50% of available water content (AWC) for the Coto soil, indicating that irrigation in WS should have been reduced. Combinations with G rootstock showed lower SMC, as well as S40 scion. While the S40S combination was the most efficient, considering the low water use without sacrificing growth. In Fraternidad soil, only the S40G combination in FC maintained SMC above 50% of the AWC (34.7%), and in WS irrigation, only the FS and S40S combinations maintained means below 34.7%. It is possible that the dynamic behavior of the SMC in Fraternidad, within the first 50 cm, resulted in high variability, as reflected in the high standard deviations. Combinations with G rootstock in Fraternidad showed larger heights, particularly the FG combination, which was the most efficient in terms of water use and growth. In both soils, FS combination showed slower growth compared to others. Finally, sap flow was highly correlated with meteorological variables, with wind speed showing the strongest correlation (R = 0.91). The combination with the highest sap flow (FS) was the largest, but the next largest combination (FG) had 36% less sap flow and was only 6% smaller in volume, suggesting better water use.
Late-maturing avocado varieties are of interest to Puerto Rico for expanding the production season, as there is limited information available on these varieties. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of soil moisture content (SMC) at field capacity (FC) and water stress (WS) in Coto (Oxisol) and Fraternidad (Vertisol) soils on the growth of Fuschia (F) and Semil 40 (S40) late production avocados grafted onto Simmonds (S) and Gripiña (G), as well as to confirm good nutritional status and measure sap flow. Both soils showed deficiencies in phosphorus (up to 29%). However, the presence of organic matter greater than 4% may have provided some of the necessary nutrients, as no deficiencies were detected in the foliar analysis. The SMC means of all combinations showed greater than 50% of available water content (AWC) for the Coto soil, indicating that irrigation in WS should have been reduced. Combinations with G rootstock showed lower SMC, as well as S40 scion. While the S40S combination was the most efficient, considering the low water use without sacrificing growth. In Fraternidad soil, only the S40G combination in FC maintained SMC above 50% of the AWC (34.7%), and in WS irrigation, only the FS and S40S combinations maintained means below 34.7%. It is possible that the dynamic behavior of the SMC in Fraternidad, within the first 50 cm, resulted in high variability, as reflected in the high standard deviations. Combinations with G rootstock in Fraternidad showed larger heights, particularly the FG combination, which was the most efficient in terms of water use and growth. In both soils, FS combination showed slower growth compared to others. Finally, sap flow was highly correlated with meteorological variables, with wind speed showing the strongest correlation (R = 0.91). The combination with the highest sap flow (FS) was the largest, but the next largest combination (FG) had 36% less sap flow and was only 6% smaller in volume, suggesting better water use.
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2025-07-10
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Keywords
Aguacate, Oxisol, Vertisol, Riego, Variedades tardías, Injerto