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Nivel de actividad física y percepción de la salud de empleados del Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez
Soliván Rivera, Andrés
Soliván Rivera, Andrés
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Abstract
La inactividad física es un problema creciente de salud pública vinculado al desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas y a una menor calidad de vida. En Puerto Rico, gran parte de la población adulta no alcanza los niveles mínimos recomendados de actividad física, y existe poca información sobre esta situación en sectores específicos como el universitario (Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico, 2023). Este estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar el nivel de actividad física y la percepción de salud entre empleados del Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez (RUM), utilizando el Modelo de Creencias de Salud como marco teórico.
Se utilizó un diseño cuantitativo de tipo transversal con una muestra de 159 empleados docentes y no docentes, incluyendo 79 empleados no docentes con funciones administrativas, 22 empleados no docentes con funciones de campo y 58 empleados docentes. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala del Modelo de Creencias de Salud sobre el Ejercicio (EHBMS) y el Cuestionario Internacional de Actividad Física (IPAQ, versión corta). El análisis incluyó estadísticas descriptivas, alfa de Cronbach y correlaciones.
Los resultados mostraron que el 37 % de los participantes tenía un nivel bajo de actividad física, el 38 % un nivel moderado y solo el 25 % alcanzó un nivel alto. Además, el 57 % percibió su salud como buena, mientras que el resto la calificó como regular o pobre. Se observó una relación entre las creencias sobre el ejercicio y el nivel de actividad física reportado.
Los hallazgos destacan la importancia de fomentar programas institucionales que promuevan estilos de vida activos en el ambiente laboral universitario, con el fin de mejorar la salud y el bienestar general del persona.
Physical inactivity is a growing public health concern associated with the development of chronic diseases and reduced quality of life. In Puerto Rico, a large portion of the adult population does not meet the minimum recommended levels of physical activity (Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico, 2023), and little information exists regarding this issue in specific sectors such as university employees. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of physical activity and health perception among employees at the University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez Campus (RUM), using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 159 faculty and non-faculty employees, including 79 non-faculty employees with administrative roles, 22 nonfaculty employees with field duties, and 58 faculty members. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Exercise Health Belief Model Scale (EHBMS), and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, and correlation tests. Results showed that 37% of participants had a low level of physical activity, 38% a moderate level, and only 25% achieved a high level. Additionally, 57% rated their health as good, while the rest considered it fair or poor. A relationship was found between beliefs about exercise and reported physical activity levels. These findings highlight the need for institutional programs that promote active lifestyles in the university workplace, in order to improve the overall health and well-being of employees.
Physical inactivity is a growing public health concern associated with the development of chronic diseases and reduced quality of life. In Puerto Rico, a large portion of the adult population does not meet the minimum recommended levels of physical activity (Departamento de Salud de Puerto Rico, 2023), and little information exists regarding this issue in specific sectors such as university employees. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of physical activity and health perception among employees at the University of Puerto Rico – Mayagüez Campus (RUM), using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical framework. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was employed with a sample of 159 faculty and non-faculty employees, including 79 non-faculty employees with administrative roles, 22 nonfaculty employees with field duties, and 58 faculty members. Data were collected through a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Exercise Health Belief Model Scale (EHBMS), and the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, and correlation tests. Results showed that 37% of participants had a low level of physical activity, 38% a moderate level, and only 25% achieved a high level. Additionally, 57% rated their health as good, while the rest considered it fair or poor. A relationship was found between beliefs about exercise and reported physical activity levels. These findings highlight the need for institutional programs that promote active lifestyles in the university workplace, in order to improve the overall health and well-being of employees.
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2025-05-13
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Keywords
Actividad Física, Modelo de Creencias de la Salud, IPAQ, EHMBS, Inactividad Física, Salud