Publication:
Genetic characterization of host-microbiome-pathogen dynamics in ancient Amerindians of Punta Candelero, Puerto Rico

dc.contributor.advisor Martínez-Cruzado, Juan C.
dc.contributor.author Román-Busó, Gabriela Paola
dc.contributor.college College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences en_US
dc.contributor.committee Matchett, Ashley A.
dc.contributor.committee Oleksyk, Taras K.
dc.contributor.department Department of Biology en_US
dc.contributor.representative Ramírez, Lillian
dc.date.accessioned 2021-01-15T17:12:07Z
dc.date.available 2021-01-15T17:12:07Z
dc.date.issued 2020-10-27
dc.description.abstract This thesis seeks to address the deficit of ancestral human references from the tropics, specifically the Caribbean, by adding genetic (genomic and microbiomic) information from the ancient Puerto Rican Amerindian population of Punta Candelero. Ancient DNA (aDNA) methods coupled with metagenomics sequencing and analysis were used to investigate the host-microbiome-pathogen sequences in dental samples to generate a more comprehensive landscape of the genealogy and health of indigenous precolonial populations of Puerto Rico. Three aDNA extraction methods were optimized and evaluated specifically for the samples. Site-directed detection and sequencing for human host (mtDNA HVS-1) and bacterial DNA (16S rRNA) were used to determine an optimal sample for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Shotgun sequences generated for the selected sample were analyzed using a reference-based mapping to the human genome, while unmapped sequences were searched against NCBI NR database for taxonomic classification. Results demonstrate a successful recovery of ancient DNA, although at very low concentration. A partial human mitogenome was successfully reconstructed for the selected sample and identified as C1b2 mtDNA sub-haplogroup, consistent with recent investigations of pre-contact Puerto Rican individuals. In addition, a multiple isotope analysis, including Pb isotope ratios, preliminarily verifies the sequenced individual was of local origin. Finally, the microbial composition of the sample reported here differed from that of the reported taxonomic composition for coprolites and calculi of ancient indigenous Puerto Ricans (Sorcé site, Vieques), which may suggest an increased enrichment of soil bacteria in the sample. Microbial sequences for Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and other oral and gastrointestinal pathogens of interest were detected at trace amounts, but the endogenous nature of the detected microbial sequences should be further verified and cannot yet be used to evaluate the health of the individual. en_US
dc.description.abstract Esta tesis busca abordar el déficit de referencias humanas ancestrales del trópico, específicamente del Caribe, agregando información genética (genómica y microbiómica) de la antigua población puertorriqueña amerindia de Punta Candelero. Se utilizaron métodos de ADN antiguo (aDNA) junto con secuenciación y análisis metagenómicos para investigar las secuencias humano-microbioma-patógeno en muestras dentales con el fin de generar un panorama más completo de la genealogía y la salud de las poblaciones indígenas precoloniales de Puerto Rico. Se optimizaron y evaluaron tres métodos de extracción de aDNA específicamente para las muestras aquí trabajadas. La detección y secuenciación de regiones específicas en el ADN bacteriano (16S rRNA) y del humano (mtDNA HVS-1) se utilizaron para determinar una muestra óptima a aplicar la técnica de conocida como “shotgun metagenomics”. Las secuencias de “shotgun” generadas para la muestra seleccionada se analizaron utilizando un mapeo basado en la referencia del genoma humano, mientras que las secuencias no mapeadas se buscaron en la base de datos NCBI NR para su clasificación taxonómica. Los resultados demuestran una recuperación exitosa de ADN antiguo, aunque a muy baja concentración. Se reconstruyó con éxito un mitogenoma humano parcial para la muestra seleccionada y se identificó como subhaplogrupo de ADNmt C1b2. Esta clasificación concuerda con investigaciones recientes de individuos puertorriqueños indígenas pre-contacto europeo. Además, un estudio de isótopos múltiples, incluyendo isótopos de Pb, verifica preliminarmente el individuo secuenciado era de origen local. Finalmente, la composición microbiana que se reporta para la muestra estudiada aquí difirió de la composición taxonómica reportada en otros estudios para muestras de coprolitos y cálculo dental de antiguos indígenas puertorriqueños (sitio Sorcé, Vieques), lo que puede sugerir un mayor enriquecimiento de bacterias del suelo en nuestra muestra. Se detectaron secuencias microbianas para Enfermedades Tropicales Desatendidas (NTDs) y otros patógenos orales, gastrointestinales y de interés en cantidades traza. Sin embargo, la naturaleza endógena de las secuencias microbianas detectadas debe autenticarse y aún no son útiles para evaluar la salud del individuo. en_US
dc.description.graduationSemester Fall en_US
dc.description.graduationYear 2020 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship This study was supported by an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) INBRE Grant Number P20GM103475 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Bioinformatics Research Core of the INBRE. This study was also partially funded by New Mexico INBRE through an Institutional Development Award (IDeA) from NIH-NIGMS grant P200GM103451. en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/2719
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.rights CC0 1.0 Universal *
dc.rights.holder (c) 2020 Gabriela P. Román-Busó en_US
dc.rights.uri http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ *
dc.subject Ancient DNA en_US
dc.subject Shotgun metagenomics en_US
dc.subject Indigenous peoples en_US
dc.subject Pathobiome en_US
dc.subject NGS en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Metagenomics en_US
dc.subject.lcsh DNA, Fossil en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Microbial genomic en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Indigenous people -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Pathogenic microorganisms -- Detection en_US
dc.title Genetic characterization of host-microbiome-pathogen dynamics in ancient Amerindians of Punta Candelero, Puerto Rico en_US
dc.type Thesis en_US
dspace.entity.type Publication
thesis.degree.discipline Biology en_US
thesis.degree.level M.S. en_US
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