The population explosion in the second half of the twentieth century has caused exponential growth in economic losses associated with the natural and man-made disasters. Efforts to better understand economic consequences ...

The costliest natural disasters to strike Puerto Rico in the last century have been caused by tropical storms and hurricanes. Over the years, many attempts were made to reduce vulnerability by improving the infrastructures. ...

It is common practice in Puerto Rico to build elevated reinforced concrete frame and shear wall structures in hillsides and hilly terrains by supporting them on gravity columns. Recent studies have indicated the vulnerability ...