Publication:
Fluconazol resistance in yeast populations from coastal habitats impacted by sewage and wastewater

dc.contributor.advisor Maldonado-Ramírez, Sandra L.
dc.contributor.author Román-Juliá, Roberto O.
dc.contributor.college College of Arts and Sciences - Sciences en_US
dc.contributor.committee Montalvo Rodríguez, Rafael R.
dc.contributor.committee Rodríguez Minguela, Carlos
dc.contributor.department Department of Biology en_US
dc.contributor.representative García Saís, Jorge R.
dc.date.accessioned 2018-09-14T19:46:36Z
dc.date.available 2018-09-14T19:46:36Z
dc.date.issued 2011
dc.description.abstract Coastal areas, rivers and other waterbodies are constantly impacted by microbial pollutants originating from wastewater discharges. The objective of this research was directed to study fluconazol resistance in yeast populations from coastal habitats with different exposure levels to human influence. A total of 76 samples (16% from soil, 59% from water, 8% from mangrove rhizosphere, 8% from mangrove sediment and 9% from sand) were evaluated from rural and urban wastewater treatment plants, Guajataca and Susua Forests, Cupeyes River (Sabana Grande), Ensenada Dakity beach (Culebra), La Boca estuary (Barceloneta), La Parguera (Lajas), Peña Blanca beach (Aguadilla), Pico de Piedra estuary (Aguada) and Sewage pipeline discharge (Isabela). All isolates were screened to determine their resistance to fluconazol, using a broth microdilution method according to standard methods. A total of 86 yeasts were isolated and 48% of them showed resistance to fluconazol (MIC ?64 ug/ml). Phylogenetic analyses revealed the presence of genotypes related to Acremonium strictum (4.9%), Aureobasidium pullulans (17.1%), Candida diddensiae (2.4%), C. thaimueangesis (2.4%), C. tropicalis (17.1%), Cryptococcus spp. (7.3%), C. flavescens (2.4%), Exophiala jeanselmei (2.4%), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (2.4%), H. thailandica (4.9%), Hortaea werneckii (4.9%), Pichia anomala (4.9%), Pseudozyma sp. (9.8%), Rhodotorula glutinis (2.4%), R. graminis (4.9%), Simpodiomycopsis paphiopedili (2.4%) and unknown strains (7.3%). Isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans were predominant from samples of the urban wastewater treatment plant, while C. tropicalis were predominant from samples of the rural wastewater treatment plant. These species have proven to be opportunistic pathogens causing fungal infections in immunocompromised patients. All the resistant strains showed a high Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ?64 ug/ml to fluconazol in the in vitro resistance tests. This study provides the first survey and data about the distribution of fluconazole-resistant yeasts associated with coastal habitats in Puerto Rico. Results show the need to include a monitoring method for clinically important yeasts in the current protocols used in Puerto Rico and other countries of the world to evaluate water quality.
dc.description.abstract Las áreas costeras, ríos y otros cuerpos de agua constantemente están siendo impactados por contaminantes microbianos procedentes de plantas de tratamientos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación está dirigido al estudio de la resistencia al antifúngico fluconazol en levaduras de hábitats costeros expuestas a diferentes grados de influencia antropogénica. Un total de 76 muestras (16% del suelo, 59% del agua, 8% de la rizosfera de mangle, 8% del sedimento de mangle y 9% de la arena) fueron procesadas de las plantas de tratamiento rural y urbana, Bosques de Guajataca y Susua, Río Cupeyes (Sabana Grande), Ensenada Dakity (Culebra), estuario La Boca(Barceloneta), La Parguera (Lajas), playa Peña Blanca (Aguadilla), estuario Pico de Piedra (Aguada) y línea de desagüe (Isabela). Todos los aislados fueron analizados para determinar su resistencia al antifúngico fluconazol utilizando el método estándar de microdilución. Un total de 86 levaduras fueron aisladas y un 48% de éstas mostraron resistencia al fluconazol (MIC ?64 ug/ml). Análisis filogenéticos revelaron la presencia de genotipos relacionados a Acremonium strictum (4.9%), Aureobasidium pullulans (17.1%), Candida diddensiae (2.4%), C. thaimueangesis (2.4%), C. tropicalis (17.1%), Cryptococcus spp. (7.3%), C. flavescens (2.4%), Exophiala jeanselmei (2.4%), Hanseniaspora opuntiae (2.4%), H. thailandica (4.9%), Hortaea werneckii (4.9%), Pichia anomala (4.9%), Pseudozyma sp. (9.8%), Rhodotorula glutinis (2.4%), R. graminis (4.9%), Simpodiomycopsis paphiopedili (2.4%) y cepas desconocidas (7.3%). Los aislados de Aureobasidium pullulans fueron predominantes en muestras de la planta de tratamiento urbana mientras que los aislados de Candida tropicalis predominaron en muestras de la planta de tratamiento rural. Estasespecies han demostrado ser patógenos oportunistas causando infecciones fúngicas en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. Todos los aislados resistentes mostraron alta resistencia en la Concentración Mínima Inhibitoria (CMI) de ?64 ug/ml en las pruebas de resistencia a fluconazol in vitro. Este estudio provee el primer catastro y datos sobre la distribución de cepas levaduriformes resistentes asociadas a hábitats costeros en Puerto Rico. Los resultados deeste estudio sugieren la necesidad de incluir procedimientos de monitoreo para las especies levaduriformes de importancia clínica en el protocolo utilizado en Puerto Rico y otros países del mundo para evaluar la calidad de agua.
dc.description.graduationSemester Spring en_US
dc.description.graduationYear 2011 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship Sea Grant Program at the University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus en_US
dc.identifier.uri https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/891
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.rights.holder (c) 2011 Roberto O. Román Juliá en_US
dc.rights.license All rights reserved en_US
dc.subject Microbial pollutants en_US
dc.subject Fluconazol resistance in yeast populations en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Yeast -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Sewage disposal in rivers, lakes, etc. -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Fungi -- Phylogeny en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Coasts -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Microbial contamination -- Puerto Rico en_US
dc.subject.lcsh Dilution en_US
dc.title Fluconazol resistance in yeast populations from coastal habitats impacted by sewage and wastewater en_US
dc.type Thesis en_US
dspace.entity.type Publication
thesis.degree.discipline Biology en_US
thesis.degree.level M.S. en_US
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