Ndengoloka-David, António

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    Estudio de la diversidad fenotípica de germoplasma de Caupí [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] de Angola y un grupo de germoplasma que representa otras regiones del mundo.
    (2011) Ndengoloka-David, António; Beaver, James S.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Estévez de Jensen, Consuelo; Porch, Timothy G.; O'Farrill Nieves, Hipólito; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Martínez Cruzado, Juan C.
    A study of the phenotypic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] was conducted at the University of Puerto Rico and the USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station during 2010 and 2011. The field experiments planted at the Isabela Substation consisted of an evaluation of 16 lines of cowpea from the National Center for Genetic Resources of Angola, and 26 lines from the University of California Riverside and the University of Puerto Rico that represented cowpea germplasm from other regions in the world. The study of the phenotypic diversity of Angolan cowpea germplasm from other regions of the world was accomplished by comparing phenotypic characteristics such as general adaptation, phenology, growth habit, yield components, and seed characteristics. The seed color of most of the cowpea varieties was brown with the exception of the varieties from California which had cream-colored seed with black hilums. Almost all of the cowpea germplasm had a rhomboid shape. Angolan cowpea germplasm had an indeterminate growth habit whereas most of the germplasm from California, West Africa and Puerto Rico had a determinate growth habit. The average number of days to maturity of the Angolan germplasm was 76 days with a range of 67 to 82 days in the March 2010 planting. This compares with an average days to maturity of 70 days for the germplasm from other regions. The average number of days to maturity of the Angolan germplasm was 89 days with a range of 81 to 93 days in the December 2010 planting. This compares with an average days to maturity of 86 days for the the germplasm from other regions. In addition to consumption of cowpea seed in Angola, leaves of the plants are collected for human consumption and the straw is often used for forage; these factors may favor later maturing, indeterminate cowpea varieties that produce more biomass. Four cowpea varieties from Angola produced mean yields > 1,000 kg/ha during both planting seasons. These yields are significantly greater than the average seed yield in Angola (250 kg/ha). PI 441917 produced mean yields > 1,600 kg/ha during both growing seasons. Leaf ii samples of Angolan cowpea germplasm had an average of 33% protein with a range of 28 to 34% in the March 2010 planting. The West African cowpea germplasm 58-57 had the highest % leaf protein (39%). Mean % seed protein of Angolan cowpea germplasm was 26% with a range from 25 to 28% in the March 2010 planting and 24% with a range of 22 to 26% in the December 2010 planting. These values are similar to mean % seed protein from other regions. Mean Fe in the seed of Angolan cowpea germplasm was 56 ppm with a range from 44 to 73 ppm in the March 2010 planting and 64 ppm with a range of 55 to 79 ppm in the December 2010 planting. Mean Zn in the seed of Angolan cowpea germplasm was 42 ppm with a range from 32-56 ppm in the March 2010 planting, and a mean of 43 ppm with a range of 39 to 47 ppm in the December 2010 planting. The mean seed Fe of the Angolan germplasm 124/1731-4 was 73 ppm for the March 2010 planting and 79 ppm for the December 2010 planting. The mean seed Zn of the Angolan germplasm 124/1731-4 was 53 ppm for the March 2010 planting and 41 ppm for the December 2010 planting. This Angolan variety had the highest seed Fe and among the highest seed Zn concentration. This study was successful in identifying cowpea germplasm with traits of potential value to breeding program in Angola and other regions of the world.