Pérez-Cuevas, Manuel

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    Etiología de las enfermedades de la inflorescencia de mango (Mangifera indica L.).
    (2010) Pérez-Cuevas, Manuel; Rivera-Vargas, Lydia I.; College of Agricultural Sciences; Estévez de Jensen, Consuelo; Cabrera, Irma; Department of Crops and Agro-Environmental Sciences; Cruz Pol, Sandra
    In Puerto Rico, mango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most important fruits of the agricultural industry with a market value of $ 8.7 million in 2007. Inflorescence diseases and pests are the main constraints for mango production, causing a low production of fruits and reducing its potential. The purpose of this study was to describe symptoms and characterize pathogenic fungi associated with inflorescence diseases. Symptomatic and asymptomatic inflorescences were collected from four mango cultivars (Keitt, Haden, Irwin and Parvin) at seven flowering stages. Inflorescences were examined for the following symptoms: powdery mildew, necrosis, tip blight and malformation. For fungal morphological identification, colonies were described on acidified PDA medium and microscopic slides were prepared to examine fungal reproductive structures. Molecular identification of fungal species was made through DNA analysis of the ITS region of the rDNA. Pathogenicity tests were conducted with eleven fungal species frequently isolated during this study. Powdery mildew caused by Oidium mangiferae was the most common symptom. Necrosis was observed after the protected stage was developed. Malformation was not observed on inflorescences. The severity of the disease was determined for each flowering stage and cultivar of mango. Severity was higher in full blossom stage (G). Severity of symptoms was not significantly different among cultivars. The following genera of fungi were identified associated with mango’s inflorescences: Alternaria spp., Colletotrichum sp., Botryosphaeria spp., Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Pestalotiopsis sp., Phomopsis spp., and Phoma sp. These were isolated from inflorescence showing necrosis in petals and/or rachis as well as asymptomatic inflorescences. In addition, Alternaria spp., Botryosphaeria spp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia spp., Gelasinospora sp., and Phomopsis spp. were identified from inflorescences affected with tip blight. Pathogenicity tests showed that Alternaria alternata, Botryosphaeria rhodina, B. parva, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Phomopsis sp. were pathogenic to mango inflorescences.