Gutiérrez-Marín, Juan P.

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    Effects of flow reversal on two-dimensional transport of explosive chemicals in soils
    (2008-05) Gutiérrez-Marín, Juan P.; Padilla-Cestero, Ingrid Y.; College of Engineering; Hwang, Sangchul; Pando, Miguel; Department of Civil Engineering; Hillebrandt, Christa von
    The effects of water infiltration and evaporation on the fate and transport of explosiverelated chemicals (ERCs) in soils were studied. The experiments were conducted in two 100 cm uniform cylindrical columns packed with homogeneous sand, and instrumented with air and water pressure sensors and sampling ports to monitor hydraulic conditions and ERCs concentration profiles in soil. TNT and DNT crystals were placed in a porous membrane and buried as a point source near the surface of the soil. Infiltration of water containing a conservative tracer was followed by evaporation periods. Spatial and temporal concentration distributions of conservative solutes were used to evaluate transport behavior of TNT and DNT in soils. Results indicate that physical transport is spatially and temporally variable. Results also indicate that: water movement near TNT and DNT buried source highly influence their fate and transport in soils and near soil-atmospheric surfaces; water flux associated with higher water contents enhance source dissolution, volatilization, and movement of TNT and DNT solutes; flux-dependent dissolution kinetics control the TNT and DNT concentrations in soil water and vapor; sorption processes slows down the movement of solutes in infiltrating water; dissolution limitations and greater sorption and volatilization losses tend to decrease TNT and DNT concentrations with time after infiltration periods; greater water contents and temperatures result in enhance transport of TNT and DNT; reverse flow during infiltration and evaporation periods result in greater dispersion of solutes.