Luna Pineda, Tatiana

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    Bacterial species spectroscopic characterization by FTIR, Normal Raman and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering
    (2006) Luna Pineda, Tatiana; Hernández Rivera, Samuel P.; College of Arts and Sciencies - Sciences; Rios Velazquez, Carlos; Briano Peralta, Julio G.; Mina Camilde, Nairmen; Department of Chemistry; Colon Burgos, Guillermo
    Bioterrorism and its high potential for mass destruction has been subject of increasing international concern. Only modest microbiological skills are needed to produce and effectively use biological weapons. Production costs are low and aerosol dispersal equipment from commercial sources can be adapted for biological weapon dissemination. These prevailing conditions have motivated the increased interest in the application of several physicochemical analytical techniques for the rapid detection and identification of microorganisms. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) require minimum sample and allow for fast identification of microorganisms. The use of these techniques for characterization of the spectroscopic signatures of these agents and their simulants has recently gained considerable attention because these techniques can be easily adapted for standoff detection from considerable distances. The techniques also show high sensitivity, selectivity, and offer near real time detection duty cycles. This research focuses in laying the grounds for the simultaneous spectroscopic detection and differentiation of 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘱𝘩𝘺𝘭𝘰𝘤𝘰𝘤𝘤𝘶𝘴 spp., 𝘗𝘴𝘦𝘶𝘥𝘰𝘮𝘰𝘯𝘢𝘴 spp., 𝘉𝘢𝘤𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘶𝘴 spp., and 𝘌𝘯𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘣𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘤𝘦𝘢𝘦 spp., together with discrimination of their species. In order to achieve the proponed objective, protocols to handle, cultivate and analyze the bacterial species have been developed. Spectroscopic similarities and marked differences have been found for FTIR and Spontaneous or Normal Raman spectra, and SERS spectra using silver nanoparticles assisted spectroscopy. The use of principal component analysis (PCA), discriminate factor analysis (DFA) and a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were used to evaluate the efficiency of identifying potential threat bacterial from their spectra collected on single bacteria. The first DFA and HCA for the Raman, SERS and FTIR spectra of the bacteria showed low discrimination between the diverse bacterial species. However, the results obtained from a second DFA and HCA demonstrate the high discrimination capability of the techniques. The spectroscopic study could be extended to examine the spores produced by selected strains since these are more prone to be used as Biological Warfare Agents (BWA) due to their increased mobility and possibility of airborne transport.