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Expectativas laborales de la generación millennial de las áreas de STEM frente al mercado laboral en Puerto Rico
Pinzón-Medina, Tatiana
Pinzón-Medina, Tatiana
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Abstract
Este trabajo de investigación determinó cuáles son las expectativas laborales de los
estudiantes Millennials de la Universidad de Puerto Rico en Mayagüez (UPRM) de las áreas de
ciencia, tecnología, ingeniería y matemáticas (STEM). A través de una revisión de literatura se
identificaron diez expectativas principales: Flexibilidad laboral, trabajo remoto, salario,
movilidad laboral, autonomía, crecimiento laboral, apoyo de los supervisores, crecimiento
académico, ambiente social laboral e infraestructura. Con base en estas expectativas se determinó
una muestra de 144 estudiantes de las diferentes áreas de STEM. Además, se diseñó y administró
una encuesta con datos cuantitativos medibles en una escala de Likert de cinco niveles. Luego, se
realizó un estudio factorial general con análisis de varianza (ANOVA), para dar conocer si
existía diferencia significativa entre las áreas de STEM y además entre los niveles de estudio
graduado y subgraduado. Los resultados de este estudio indicaron que los estudiantes consideran
de carácter "Muy Importante" las expectativas de ambiente social, infraestructura, salario, apoyo
académico y crecimiento laboral. Con respecto al estudio factorial, se determinó que sí existe
diferencia significativa entre las ares de STEM para las expectativas de Trabajo Remoto e
Infraestructura. Además, existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa según los niveles de
estudio para la expectativa de trabajo remoto. Los resultados contribuirán como base de
conocimiento para que las empresas puedan alinear los objetivos organizacionales con los
objetivos profesionales y personales de cada uno de sus empleados. Esto crearía un entorno ideal
que genere compromiso y motivación por parte del empleado disminuyendo los índices de
rotación laboral.
This research work aims to determined which are the labor expectations of the millennial students of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM) in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). A literature review helped to identify the ten most relevant expectations: Job flexibility, remote work, salary, job mobility, autonomy, job growth, support from supervisors, academic growth, social work environment, and infrastructure. Based on these expectations, a sample of 144 students were identified among the different areas of STEM. Also, a quantitative survey on the Likert scale was designed and implemented. Then, a general factorial study was made with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if there was a significant difference among the areas of STEM and among the graduate and undergraduate students. The results from this study revealed that students considered "Very Important" the expectations of social work environment, infrastructure, salary, academic support, and job growth. Regarding to the factorial study, it was determined that there is a significant difference between the areas of STEM for the expectations of Remote Work and Infrastructure. Also, there is a significant difference between graduate and undergraduate students for the expectation of remote work. The results from this work will contribute as a knowledge base so that the businesses could define their organizational objectives with the professional and personal objectives of their employees. This would create an ideal environment that will generate compromise and motivation for the employee reducing the indexes of job desertion.
This research work aims to determined which are the labor expectations of the millennial students of the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez (UPRM) in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). A literature review helped to identify the ten most relevant expectations: Job flexibility, remote work, salary, job mobility, autonomy, job growth, support from supervisors, academic growth, social work environment, and infrastructure. Based on these expectations, a sample of 144 students were identified among the different areas of STEM. Also, a quantitative survey on the Likert scale was designed and implemented. Then, a general factorial study was made with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine if there was a significant difference among the areas of STEM and among the graduate and undergraduate students. The results from this study revealed that students considered "Very Important" the expectations of social work environment, infrastructure, salary, academic support, and job growth. Regarding to the factorial study, it was determined that there is a significant difference between the areas of STEM for the expectations of Remote Work and Infrastructure. Also, there is a significant difference between graduate and undergraduate students for the expectation of remote work. The results from this work will contribute as a knowledge base so that the businesses could define their organizational objectives with the professional and personal objectives of their employees. This would create an ideal environment that will generate compromise and motivation for the employee reducing the indexes of job desertion.
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2020-12-12
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Keywords
Mercado laboral, STEM, Expectativas laborales, Millennials