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Respuestas de piƱa (Ananas comosus) 'MD2' a un bioestimulante y estrategias de manejo de malezas en el suroeste de Puerto Rico
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Abstract
La pinĢa (Ananas comosus) es un cultivo de gran importancia mundialmente, en la isla se posiciona como uno de los favoritos de los consumidores. Actualmente existen varios mercados de pinĢa comestible en Puerto Rico, entre ellos el de fruta de tamanĢo regular y el de fruta pequenĢa ābaby pineappleā; sin embargo, la produccioĢn de estas estaĢ limitada por la presencia de malezas. En Puerto Rico hasta un 70% de los costos de produccioĢn de pinĢa se dedican al control de estas, aumentando el costo de manejo y reduciendo los rendimientos. Durante los anĢos 2018-2019, en la EstacioĢn Experimental AgriĢcola de Lajas, Puerto Rico, se realizaron dos experimentos, uno para fruta ābaby pineappleā y otro para fruta de tamanĢo regular, de la variedad āMD2ā. Se evaluaron estrategias diferentes a las utilizadas convencionalmente en este cultivo para el control de malezas, esto con el uso y sin el uso de un bioestimulante. En malezas se evaluoĢ la biomasa de gramiĢneas, ciperaĢceas y dicotiledoĢneas, en el cultivo se evaluoĢ, altura de la planta, coloracioĢn de las hojas y peso fresco de la planta. En poscosecha con una madurez > 80% se evaluoĢ el tiempo de siembra a primera cosecha, duracioĢn del periodo de cosecha, diaĢmetro polar, diaĢmetro ecuatorial, peso de la fruta con y sin corona, concentracioĢn de soĢlidos solubles, produccioĢn de hijuelos, concentracioĢn de nitroĢgeno y clorofila en hojas, anaĢlisis de nutrientes y porcentajes de frutas cosechadas. Las estrategias de control de maleza fueron āground coverā (GC), heno, herbicida (H) + desyerbo, desyerbo semanal (DS), desyerbo mensual (DM) y siempre enmalezado (Control). En ābaby pineappleā el bioestimulante utilizado solo presentoĢ efectos en la longitud de la hoja āDā al florecer y cosechar. De las estrategias de control de maleza la maĢs eficaz en teĢrminos de supresioĢn fue āground coverā. Dentro de las variables evaluadas en cuanto a la calidad de la fruta se refiere, se demostroĢ que las plantas que tuvieron miĢnima interaccioĢn con las malezas produjeron frutas de mejor calidad en teĢrminos de longitud de la pinĢa con y sin corona, diaĢmetro polar y ecuatorial, peso con y sin corona, peso de la corona, incluso un porcentaje de soĢlidos solubles maĢs alto. En frutas de tamanĢo grande el bioestimulante no presentoĢ resultados significativos. Las plantas que crecieron en las estrategias āground coverā y desyerbo semanal presentaron mayor altura. En teĢrminos de calidad de la fruta, la estrategia āground coverā presentoĢ mayor peso, diaĢmetro polar, ecuatorial, mayor longitud con corona, mayor peso de la corona y mayor concentracioĢn de soĢlidos solubles.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a crop of great importance worldwide; on the island, it is considered as one of the consumerās favorites. Currently there are several edible pineapple markets in Puerto Rico. Among them are the regular size fruit market and the small ābaby pineappleā fruit market. The production of these are limited by the presence of weeds. In Puerto Rico, up to 70% of pineapple production costs are dedicated to controlling these weeds, increasing the cost of handling and reducing yields. During the years 2018-2019, at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas, Puerto Rico, two experiments were carried out, one for ābaby pineappleā fruit and the other for fruit of regular size, variety āMD2ā. Different strategies were evaluated to those used conventionally in this crop for weed control, with the use and without the use of a biostimulant. In weeds, the biomass of grasses, sedges and dicotyledons were evaluated. In the crop height of the plant, coloration of the leaves and fresh weight of the plant were also evaluated. In post-harvest, with maturity of more than 80%, the time from planting to first harvest, duration of the harvest period, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, weight of the fruit with and without crown, concentration of soluble solids, production of shoots, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in leaves, nutrient analysis and percentages of harvested fruits were evaluated. Weed control strategies were ground cover (GC), hay, herbicide (H)+weeding, weekly weeding (DS), monthly weeding (DM) and without weeding (control). In ābaby pineappleā, the biostimulant used only showed effects on the length of the āDā leaf when it bloomed and harvested. Of the weed control strategies, the most effective in terms of suppression was ground cover. Among the variables evaluated in terms of fruit quality, it was shown that plants that had minimal interaction with weeds produced better quality fruits in terms of pineapple length with and without crown, polar and equatorial diameter, weight with and without crown, crown weight, even higher soluble solids percent. In large fruits, the biostimulant did not show significant results. In terms of fruit quality, the ground cover strategy presents higher weigh, polar and equatorial diameter, greater length with crown, higher crown, weight and higher concentration of soluble solids.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a crop of great importance worldwide; on the island, it is considered as one of the consumerās favorites. Currently there are several edible pineapple markets in Puerto Rico. Among them are the regular size fruit market and the small ābaby pineappleā fruit market. The production of these are limited by the presence of weeds. In Puerto Rico, up to 70% of pineapple production costs are dedicated to controlling these weeds, increasing the cost of handling and reducing yields. During the years 2018-2019, at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas, Puerto Rico, two experiments were carried out, one for ābaby pineappleā fruit and the other for fruit of regular size, variety āMD2ā. Different strategies were evaluated to those used conventionally in this crop for weed control, with the use and without the use of a biostimulant. In weeds, the biomass of grasses, sedges and dicotyledons were evaluated. In the crop height of the plant, coloration of the leaves and fresh weight of the plant were also evaluated. In post-harvest, with maturity of more than 80%, the time from planting to first harvest, duration of the harvest period, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, weight of the fruit with and without crown, concentration of soluble solids, production of shoots, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in leaves, nutrient analysis and percentages of harvested fruits were evaluated. Weed control strategies were ground cover (GC), hay, herbicide (H)+weeding, weekly weeding (DS), monthly weeding (DM) and without weeding (control). In ābaby pineappleā, the biostimulant used only showed effects on the length of the āDā leaf when it bloomed and harvested. Of the weed control strategies, the most effective in terms of suppression was ground cover. Among the variables evaluated in terms of fruit quality, it was shown that plants that had minimal interaction with weeds produced better quality fruits in terms of pineapple length with and without crown, polar and equatorial diameter, weight with and without crown, crown weight, even higher soluble solids percent. In large fruits, the biostimulant did not show significant results. In terms of fruit quality, the ground cover strategy presents higher weigh, polar and equatorial diameter, greater length with crown, higher crown, weight and higher concentration of soluble solids.
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Date
2020-07-21
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Keywords
weed, maleza, babypineapple, pineapple, bioestimulant