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Respuestas de piña (Ananas comosus) 'MD2' a un bioestimulante y estrategias de manejo de malezas en el suroeste de Puerto Rico
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Abstract
La piña (Ananas comosus) es un cultivo de gran importancia mundialmente, en la isla se posiciona como uno de los favoritos de los consumidores. Actualmente existen varios mercados de piña comestible en Puerto Rico, entre ellos el de fruta de tamaño regular y el de fruta pequeña “baby pineapple”; sin embargo, la producción de estas está limitada por la presencia de malezas. En Puerto Rico hasta un 70% de los costos de producción de piña se dedican al control de estas, aumentando el costo de manejo y reduciendo los rendimientos. Durante los años 2018-2019, en la Estación Experimental Agrícola de Lajas, Puerto Rico, se realizaron dos experimentos, uno para fruta “baby pineapple” y otro para fruta de tamaño regular, de la variedad ‘MD2’. Se evaluaron estrategias diferentes a las utilizadas convencionalmente en este cultivo para el control de malezas, esto con el uso y sin el uso de un bioestimulante. En malezas se evaluó la biomasa de gramíneas, ciperáceas y dicotiledóneas, en el cultivo se evaluó, altura de la planta, coloración de las hojas y peso fresco de la planta. En poscosecha con una madurez > 80% se evaluó el tiempo de siembra a primera cosecha, duración del periodo de cosecha, diámetro polar, diámetro ecuatorial, peso de la fruta con y sin corona, concentración de sólidos solubles, producción de hijuelos, concentración de nitrógeno y clorofila en hojas, análisis de nutrientes y porcentajes de frutas cosechadas. Las estrategias de control de maleza fueron “ground cover” (GC), heno, herbicida (H) + desyerbo, desyerbo semanal (DS), desyerbo mensual (DM) y siempre enmalezado (Control). En “baby pineapple” el bioestimulante utilizado solo presentó efectos en la longitud de la hoja “D” al florecer y cosechar. De las estrategias de control de maleza la más eficaz en términos de supresión fue “ground cover”. Dentro de las variables evaluadas en cuanto a la calidad de la fruta se refiere, se demostró que las plantas que tuvieron mínima interacción con las malezas produjeron frutas de mejor calidad en términos de longitud de la piña con y sin corona, diámetro polar y ecuatorial, peso con y sin corona, peso de la corona, incluso un porcentaje de sólidos solubles más alto. En frutas de tamaño grande el bioestimulante no presentó resultados significativos. Las plantas que crecieron en las estrategias “ground cover” y desyerbo semanal presentaron mayor altura. En términos de calidad de la fruta, la estrategia “ground cover” presentó mayor peso, diámetro polar, ecuatorial, mayor longitud con corona, mayor peso de la corona y mayor concentración de sólidos solubles.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a crop of great importance worldwide; on the island, it is considered as one of the consumer’s favorites. Currently there are several edible pineapple markets in Puerto Rico. Among them are the regular size fruit market and the small “baby pineapple” fruit market. The production of these are limited by the presence of weeds. In Puerto Rico, up to 70% of pineapple production costs are dedicated to controlling these weeds, increasing the cost of handling and reducing yields. During the years 2018-2019, at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas, Puerto Rico, two experiments were carried out, one for “baby pineapple” fruit and the other for fruit of regular size, variety ‘MD2’. Different strategies were evaluated to those used conventionally in this crop for weed control, with the use and without the use of a biostimulant. In weeds, the biomass of grasses, sedges and dicotyledons were evaluated. In the crop height of the plant, coloration of the leaves and fresh weight of the plant were also evaluated. In post-harvest, with maturity of more than 80%, the time from planting to first harvest, duration of the harvest period, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, weight of the fruit with and without crown, concentration of soluble solids, production of shoots, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in leaves, nutrient analysis and percentages of harvested fruits were evaluated. Weed control strategies were ground cover (GC), hay, herbicide (H)+weeding, weekly weeding (DS), monthly weeding (DM) and without weeding (control). In “baby pineapple”, the biostimulant used only showed effects on the length of the “D” leaf when it bloomed and harvested. Of the weed control strategies, the most effective in terms of suppression was ground cover. Among the variables evaluated in terms of fruit quality, it was shown that plants that had minimal interaction with weeds produced better quality fruits in terms of pineapple length with and without crown, polar and equatorial diameter, weight with and without crown, crown weight, even higher soluble solids percent. In large fruits, the biostimulant did not show significant results. In terms of fruit quality, the ground cover strategy presents higher weigh, polar and equatorial diameter, greater length with crown, higher crown, weight and higher concentration of soluble solids.
Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a crop of great importance worldwide; on the island, it is considered as one of the consumer’s favorites. Currently there are several edible pineapple markets in Puerto Rico. Among them are the regular size fruit market and the small “baby pineapple” fruit market. The production of these are limited by the presence of weeds. In Puerto Rico, up to 70% of pineapple production costs are dedicated to controlling these weeds, increasing the cost of handling and reducing yields. During the years 2018-2019, at the Agricultural Experiment Station of Lajas, Puerto Rico, two experiments were carried out, one for “baby pineapple” fruit and the other for fruit of regular size, variety ‘MD2’. Different strategies were evaluated to those used conventionally in this crop for weed control, with the use and without the use of a biostimulant. In weeds, the biomass of grasses, sedges and dicotyledons were evaluated. In the crop height of the plant, coloration of the leaves and fresh weight of the plant were also evaluated. In post-harvest, with maturity of more than 80%, the time from planting to first harvest, duration of the harvest period, polar diameter, equatorial diameter, weight of the fruit with and without crown, concentration of soluble solids, production of shoots, nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in leaves, nutrient analysis and percentages of harvested fruits were evaluated. Weed control strategies were ground cover (GC), hay, herbicide (H)+weeding, weekly weeding (DS), monthly weeding (DM) and without weeding (control). In “baby pineapple”, the biostimulant used only showed effects on the length of the “D” leaf when it bloomed and harvested. Of the weed control strategies, the most effective in terms of suppression was ground cover. Among the variables evaluated in terms of fruit quality, it was shown that plants that had minimal interaction with weeds produced better quality fruits in terms of pineapple length with and without crown, polar and equatorial diameter, weight with and without crown, crown weight, even higher soluble solids percent. In large fruits, the biostimulant did not show significant results. In terms of fruit quality, the ground cover strategy presents higher weigh, polar and equatorial diameter, greater length with crown, higher crown, weight and higher concentration of soluble solids.
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Date
2020-07-21
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Keywords
weed, maleza, babypineapple, pineapple, bioestimulant