Publication:
Comportamiento de puentes típicos sujetos a explosiones causadas por ataques terroristas y determinación de su capacidad para soportar cargas después de la explosión
Comportamiento de puentes típicos sujetos a explosiones causadas por ataques terroristas y determinación de su capacidad para soportar cargas después de la explosión
Authors
León-Tres, Mauricio A.
Embargoed Until
Advisor
Guevara-Guillén, José O.
College
College of Engineering
Department
Department of Civil Engineering
Degree Level
M.S.
Publisher
Date
2010-05
Abstract
En esta investigación se modelaron diferentes tipos de puentes, usados típicamente en los Estados Unidos y algunos puentes representativos de Irak, utilizando modelos de puentes de tramos cortos de hormigón reforzado, hasta puentes de 120 pies de luz de hormigón presforzado y/o postensado. Cada uno de estos se analizó bajo diferentes cantidades de explosivos a diferentes distancias, con el fin de observar el comportamiento de puentes bajo cargas dinámicas de explosivos utilizando una carga estática equivalente. A pesar de que existen muchos estudios acerca del comportamiento de estructuras bajo cargas dinámicas debidas a explosivos y se han creado programas específicos para este tipo de carga, y los mismos están aprobados por el Gobierno de Estados Unidos (programa ATBlast distribuido por Applied Research Associates Inc.), las investigaciones hechas con puentes son escasas. De los resultados obtenidos con los diferentes modelos se pudo apreciar que existe similitud en su comportamiento bajo cargas debidas a explosión, siendo el parámetro más importante la localización de la carga y la distancia del objetivo que la magnitud o cantidad de explosivo. En cuanto a los modelos de algunos puentes de Irak que sufrieron daño durante los ataques terroristas, se pudo determinar la carga explosiva que originó los daños observados físicamente. Finalmente se propusieron diversas alternativas
de rehabilitación para diferentes tipos de daño en los elementos estructurales que componen el puente, con el objetivo de poner en funcionamiento del puente, tan pronto ocurra un ataque terrorista.
In this research, several bridges typically used in the U.S. and Irak were modeled, representing short span bridges using cast in place concrete beams and long span bridges with spans up to120 feet using prestress and postensioned beams. Every bridge was analyzed using different quantities of explosives located at different distances from the objective in order to determine the bridge behavior under blast loads which are dynamic, but were modeled using an equivalent static load. Even though a great number of studies were performed about the behavior of structures under dynamic loads due to blast loads and software were developed to properly model the blast loads, software approved by the U.S. Government (ATBlast distributed by Applied Research Associates Inc., among others), the research performed on bridges were limited. From the results of the analysis performed on several bridges it was observed that the behavior of bridges under blast loads was similar and that the most important parameter was the location of the load and the distance to the target rather than the magnitude or quantity of the explosive. From the results of the analysis of typical bridges used in Irak which were subjected to blast loads, the magnitude and location of the blast load were determine which agree with the observations made on the field. Finally, several alternate solutions were proposed for different level of damage of several bridge components to put the bridge back in service after an event of a terrorist attack.
In this research, several bridges typically used in the U.S. and Irak were modeled, representing short span bridges using cast in place concrete beams and long span bridges with spans up to120 feet using prestress and postensioned beams. Every bridge was analyzed using different quantities of explosives located at different distances from the objective in order to determine the bridge behavior under blast loads which are dynamic, but were modeled using an equivalent static load. Even though a great number of studies were performed about the behavior of structures under dynamic loads due to blast loads and software were developed to properly model the blast loads, software approved by the U.S. Government (ATBlast distributed by Applied Research Associates Inc., among others), the research performed on bridges were limited. From the results of the analysis performed on several bridges it was observed that the behavior of bridges under blast loads was similar and that the most important parameter was the location of the load and the distance to the target rather than the magnitude or quantity of the explosive. From the results of the analysis of typical bridges used in Irak which were subjected to blast loads, the magnitude and location of the blast load were determine which agree with the observations made on the field. Finally, several alternate solutions were proposed for different level of damage of several bridge components to put the bridge back in service after an event of a terrorist attack.
Keywords
Bridge structural behavior
Usage Rights
Persistent URL
Cite
León-Tres, M. A. (2010). Comportamiento de puentes típicos sujetos a explosiones causadas por ataques terroristas y determinación de su capacidad para soportar cargas después de la explosión [Thesis]. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11801/1677